Search results for "Continuous variable"
showing 6 items of 16 documents
Continuous-Variable Instantaneous Quantum Computing is Hard to Sample
2017
Instantaneous quantum computing is a sub-universal quantum complexity class, whose circuits have proven to be hard to simulate classically in the Discrete-Variable (DV) realm. We extend this proof to the Continuous-Variable (CV) domain by using squeezed states and homodyne detection, and by exploring the properties of post-selected circuits. In order to treat post-selection in CVs we consider finitely-resolved homodyne detectors, corresponding to a realistic scheme based on discrete probability distributions of the measurement outcomes. The unavoidable errors stemming from the use of finitely squeezed states are suppressed through a qubit-into-oscillator GKP encoding of quantum information,…
Elasticity function of a discrete random variable and its properties
2017
ABSTRACTElasticity (or elasticity function) is a new concept that allows us to characterize the probability distribution of any random variable in the same way as characteristic functions and hazard and reverse hazard functions do. Initially defined for continuous variables, it was necessary to extend the definition of elasticity and study its properties in the case of discrete variables. A first attempt to define discrete elasticity is seen in Veres-Ferrer and Pavia (2014a). This paper develops this definition and makes a comparative study of its properties, relating them to the properties shown by discrete hazard and reverse hazard, as both defined in Chechile (2011). Similar to continuou…
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “The Inflammatory Hypothesis: Any Progress in Risk Stratification and Therapeutic Targets?”
2007
We thank Drs Ridker and Everett for their interest in our work,1 and we commend Ridker’s pioneering work describing an association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. Subsequent studies have both confirmed and refuted these original observations. The former studies “controlled” or “adjusted” for fewer other risk factors; when they did so, they dichotomized variables (a weaker approach) rather than using them as continuous variables. By contrast, the latter studies have incorporated adjustments for other markers (especially of abdominal obesity, because visceral fat …
Test-retest reliability of adolescents' self-reported physical activity item in two consecutive surveys.
2019
Background National monitoring of school-aged physical activity (PA) behaviours is necessary to inform policy makers. The Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (FSPA – LIITU in Finnish) is a physical activity monitoring study, collecting data from young adolescents aged 11 to 15 years through a nationally representative sample. This study included a single self-reported item question on moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) from the preceding seven days. The question is used widely in the WHO Collaborative Cross-National Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study as a measure of meeting international PA recommendations. This study evaluated the test-retest relia…
Is time to joint replacement a valid outcome measure in clinical trials of drugs for osteoarthritis?
2003
The rate of radiographic joint space narrowing is commonly used today as a structural outcome measure in clinical trials evaluating potential disease-modifying drugs in patients with hip osteoarthritis, but this results in a continuous variable. Among the methods proposed to circumvent this problem, it has been suggested that the incidence of total hip arthoplasty (THA) provides a hard outcome measure. It is a dichotomized variable, easy to measure and sensitive to change, with acceptable intrinsic validity. However, because this measure is limited by the variability of factors underlying the decision to perform surgery and the length of waiting lists, it has been suggested that time to ful…
La influencia del estado del partido en la posesión del balón en el fútbol femenino de alto rendimiento
2020
[Abstract] The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the situational match status variable on the ball possession of the teams that participated in the 2015 FIFA Women’s World Cup. The 52 games played during the championship have been collected, and 3,740 ball possessions made by the teams were analyzed. The teams have been divided into successful and unsuccessful. Three types of analysis have been carried out: a univariate analysis for both groups with the categorical and continuous variables selected; a bivariate analysis, using chi-square tests and the exact Fischer test; and finally, a multivariable technique such as the decision trees was incorporated. The available resu…