Search results for "Contraceptives"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
The action of estrogens and progestogens in the young female breast
2018
Evidence from different sources sustains a pro-oncogenic role of hormones, estrogens and progestogens, on the breast. The issue is of interest for young women, who are exposed to the hormonal changes imposed by the ovarian cycle and, often, take hormones with contraceptive purposes. Experimental and clinical studies show that both estrogens and progesterone are involved in mammary development during puberty and lactation, the changes being observed across mammalian species, including humans. Estrogen receptors, and more particularly the alpha isoform, participate in molecular processes of stem cells differentiation and epithelial proliferation through paracrine actions implicating growth fa…
Recurrent episodes of skin angioedema and severe attacks of abdominal pain induced by oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
2003
Abstract Purpose Recurrent angioedema, characterized by skin swelling, colicky attacks of abdominal pain, and life-threatening laryngeal edema, can be either hereditary or acquired. According to anecdotal reports, it may be associated with use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. We investigated potential interactions between these medications and various types of recurrent angioedema in a large cohort of women. Methods Women with recurrent angioedema (n = 516) underwent a thorough medical evaluation. They were then classified by type of angioedema, using standard criteria. Results Of the 516 women, 228 (44%) had used oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, in…
Clinical-anamnestic and instrumental data in outpatients suffering from venous disease
1995
The authors studied 200 consecutive outpatients with symptoms due to venous disease of the lower limbs. All the patients underwent anamnestic, clinical and instrumental evaluation (c.w. Doppler velocimetry and strain-gauge plethysmography). The results of this study showed that some anamnestic and clinical data are significantly related to venous disease detected by instrumental techniques. The superficial and deep vein hypertension were, instead, correlated to oral contraceptive use.
Population attributable risk for ovarian cancer
2000
Parity, oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at menopause, a family history of the disease and selected aspects of diet have been related to the risk of ovarian cancer. The quantification of their impact on a population level may help focus and rank the importance of potential prevention strategies. Using data from a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1991 on 971 ovarian cancer cases and 2758 control women we computed the multivariate relative risk estimates, and population attributable risks (PARs), i.e. the proportion of ovarian cancers that would have been avoided if a given exposure had not been present in the population. Overall, the PARs were 5% for nulliparity, 12% fo…
Assessment of the Relationship Between the Use of Birth Control Pill and the Characteristics of Mate Selection
2014
Abstract Introduction In recent research, scientists have begun to suspect that birth control pill use could interfere with key mechanisms that play a role when women choose a sexual partner. Many studies have shown that women, particularly during the most fertile days of their menstrual cycle, look for specific physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics indicative of genetic quality in a short‐term partner. Aims Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Partner's Masculinity Index (PMI) scale. The scale was built to assess the degree of masculinity in hypothetical short‐term partners. Methods A total of 395 female Italian volunteers from Central Italy (M = 32.9 years old,…
Risk factors for neuroblastoma at different stages of disease. Results from a population-based case-control study in Germany
2001
Neuroblastoma is one of the childhood cancers included in two recent population-based case-control studies in West Germany. Altogether, 183 children under the age of 8 with neuroblastoma diagnosed in 1988-1994 and 1785 control children sampled from population registration files participated. Information on potential risk factors was obtained from the children's parents by a self-administered questionnaire and subsequent telephone interview. We observed positive associations with the use of oral contraceptives or other sex hormones during pregnancy (particularly with male offspring), a shorter gestational duration, lower birth weight, and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. While …
Reproductive and Hormonal Factors, and Ovarian Cancer Risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Coho…
2009
Abstract Background: Several reproductive and hormonal factors are known to be associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population, including parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use. However, their effect on ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has only been investigated in a small number of studies. Methods: We used data on 2,281 BRCA1 carriers and 1,038 BRCA2 carriers from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study to evaluate the effect of reproductive and hormonal factors on ovarian cancer risk for mutation carriers. Data were analyzed within a weighted Cox proportional hazards framework. Results: There were no significant differences in the risk of ova…
Hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer: Clinical data.
2018
Abstract The endocrine background of breast cancer has raised questions about the increase in risk that might bear the use of hormonal contraceptives. This has been a particular issue in the case of young women, who constitute the population of contraceptive consumers. Observational studies have been the main source of evidence, which has mainly limited to the combined estrogen-progestogen preparations, the popular pill. Studies in the 80′s and 90′s of the past century found a small, around a 20%, increase in risk. The translation in absolute number of excess cases has been exiguous because the prevalence of the disease is relatively small in premenopausal women. Moreover, the risk slowly s…
Vesico-uterine fistula treated by amenorrhoea induced with contraceptive steroids. Two case reports.
1980
2 case reports of women with vesico-uterine fistulae who were successfully treated by inducing amenorrhea by the continuous administration of an estrogen-progestogen compound for 6 months are presented. Ortho-Novum 1/50 was used. The amenorrheic condition induced by continuous ingestion of an oral contraceptive agent allowed the fistula time to heal since fistulae rarely close spontaneously because of fluids flowing fhrough them inhibiting the healing process. This method of management should be tried before surgery the generally recommended treatment.
The impact of using the combined oral contraceptive pill for cycle scheduling on gene expression related to endometrial receptivity.
2014
STUDY QUESTION: Does the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) change endometrial gene expression when used for cycle programming? SUMMARY ANSWER: COCP used for scheduling purposes does not have a significant impact on endometrial gene expression related to endometrial receptivity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Controversy exists around COCP pretreatment for IVF cycle programming as some authors claim that it might be detrimental to the live birth rate. Microarray technology applied to the study of tissue gene expression has previously revealed the behavior of genes related to endometrial receptivity under different conditions. STUDY DESIGN SIZE AND DURATION: Proof-of-concept study of 10 young h…