Search results for "Convergence"
showing 10 items of 655 documents
Global extrapolation with a parallel splitting method
1992
Extrapolation with a parallel splitting method is discussed. The parallel splitting method reduces a multidimensional problem into independent one-dimensional problems and can improve the convergence order of space variables to an order as high as the regularity of the solution permits. Therefore, in order to match the convergence order of the space variables, a high order method should also be used for the time integration. Second and third order extrapolation methods are used to improve the time convergence and it was found that the higher order extrapolation method can produce a more accurate solution than the lower order extrapolation method, but the convergence order of high order extr…
Influence of the evolutionary optimization parameters on the optimal topology
2016
Topological optimization can be considered as one of the most general types of structural optimization. Between all known topological optimization techniques, the Evolutionary Structural Optimization represents one of the most efficient and easy to implement approaches. Evolutionary topological optimization is based on a heuristic general principle which states that, by gradually removing portions of inefficient material from an assigned domain, the resulting structure will evolve towards an optimal configuration. Usually, the initial continuum domain is divided into finite elements that may or may not be removed according to the chosen efficiency criteria and other parameters like the spee…
Productivity, Infrastructures and Convergence: Panel Data Evidence on Italian Regions
2008
The paper first employs the Growth Accounting methodology in order to calculate the annual levels of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Italian regions for the period 1970-2001. The main result of this initial analysis is that the well-known gap in labour productivity among Italian regions depends mostly on the differences in TFP. The paper then investigates on the presence (or absence) of regional convergence in TFP over the period considered. To this end, physical and social infrastructures are taken into account as factors that influence the process of convergence. Finally, the paper finds a significant effect of both types of infrastructure on regional convergence in TFP, which is estim…
A Global Climatology of Tropical Moisture Exports
2013
Abstract In a recent paper, a climatology of tropical moisture exports (TMEs) to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) was constructed on the basis of 7-day forward trajectories, started daily from the tropical lower troposphere, which were required to reach a water vapor flux of at least 100 g kg−1 m s−1 somewhere north of 35°N. It was shown that TMEs contribute significantly to regional precipitation. Here, the authors complement and extend this work by (i) using 6-hourly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data from 1979 to 2010 instead of the earlier 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), (ii) extending the climatology to the Southern Hemispher…
Definition and predictability of an OLR based West African monsoon onset
2008
The monsoon onset is documented in terms of latitudinal shift of deep convection areas within the ITCZ using an interpolated version of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) at a 5-day time-step over West Africa for the period 1979–2004. Signals in moist convection derived from OLR values lower than 180 W/m2 allow better determination of onset dates (ODs) than the use of other thresholds or of the raw values of OLR. Such ODs are defined without any time filtering or spatial averaging along the meridional plane. They are also significantly correlated with ODs based on other datasets such as the CMAP and Global Precipitation Climatology P…
Contact-Induced Convergence: Typology and Areality
2006
From an integrative perspective, research on language typology and research on areality understood in terms of contact-induced convergence are mutually dependent. Typologists need to be aware that their generalizations are as reliable as they manage to integrate effects of contact into their statistics. Contact linguists need to be aware that typological findings may not qualify as independent evidence for their field. Thus, typologists and contact linguists both need to have certain information concerning each other's field. For that reason, this article covers both fields under one title. The article is divided into three main sections. The first deals with language contact and its struct…
A Measure of Trust: The Italian Regional Divide in a Latent Class Approach
2017
Social differences within countries may partly explain the lack of economic convergence and the persistence of regional disparities. The case of Italy is emblematic: economic gap between North and South remains at high levels with large differences in social capital and in trust. In this paper, we use the micro data from the ISTAT “Aspects of Daily Life” Survey to build a measure of “trust in others” and a measure of “trust in institutions” through a latent class model to attribute a trust score to the Italian households and the Italian regions and, in this way, to add elements of knowledge useful to policies. Our measures confirm a persistent territorial divide although the regional mappin…
Fifty Years of International Catholic–Lutheran Dialogue: Much Consensus, Little Fellowship?
2020
This article presents an overview and an assessment of the international Catholic–Lutheran dialogue through fifty years. During the process, a theological rapprochement that few had dreamt of when the work began has been manifested. In the text Facing Unity (1984), even a detailed plan for a processual realization of Catholic–Lutheran church fellowship is sketched. However, this plan has not been implemented, and the achieved doctrinal convergence has not been transformed into concrete forms of unity. The author also seeks to uncover some of the main causes of this impasse, largely reflecting challenges in contemporary ecumenism.
Application of Wavelet Networks to Adaptive Control of Robotic Manipulators
2011
Published version of a chapter in the book: Intelligent Robotics and Applications. Also available from the publisher at; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25489-5_39 In this paper, a wavelet-based adaptive control is proposed for a class of robotic manipulators, which consist of nonlinearities for friction effects and uncertain terms as disturbances. The controller is calculated by using a mixed of feedback linearization technique, supervisory control and H∞ control. In addition, the parameter adaptive laws of the wavelet network are developed using a Lyapunov-based design. It is also shown that both system tracking stability and convergence of the error estimation can be guaranteed in th…
Rethinking Deinstitutionalization: Exploring the Boundary Conditions for Abandoning and Decoupling Highly Diffused and Institutionalized Practices
2020
Deinstitutionalization of taken-for-granted practices as a natural consequence of ever increasing entropy seems to directly contradict the major institutional thesis, namely, that over time isomorphic forces increase and, as a result, possibilities for deinstitutionalization decrease culminating in the impossibility of abandoning in highly institutionalized fields. We argue that the possibilities for deinstitutionalization have been overestimated in organizational literature and offer a revisited account of deinstitutionalization vs. institutional isomorphism and institutionalized vs. highly diffusing-but-not-institutionalized practices. A freedom for choice between alternative practices ex…