Search results for "Corpus callosum"
showing 6 items of 66 documents
Oral findings in Midline Syndrome: a case report and literature review
2010
We describe a female patient with a midline syndrome. The patient presents agenesis of the corpus callosum, encephalocele, iris coloboma, hypertelorism, submucosal cleft palate and dental anomalies. Despite being very characteristic, her phenotypical traits do not coincide exactly with those reported to date in the literature. The karyotype and the molecular cytogenetic study do not show mutations. We identify the presence of dental anomalies in the mother and other family members, not being identified MSX1 and PAX9 mutations that could the related with their etiology. Despite the fact that dental agenesis has been related to a large number of other malformation syndromes and congenital con…
OC2.01: Examination of the fetal brain by three-dimensional ultrasound: potential for routine neurosonographic studies
2005
Objective: To evaluate the role of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the assessment of the fetal brain and its potential for routine neurosonographic studies. Methods: We studied prospectively 202 consecutive brain fetuses between 16 and 24 weeks’ gestation. A 3D-ultrasound volume of the fetal head was acquired transabdominally. The entire brain anatomy was later analyzed by a sonologist expert in neonatal cranial sonography using the multiplanar images. The quality of the conventional planes obtained (coronal, sagittal and axial, at different levels) and the ability to visualize properly the major brain anatomic structures were evaluated. Results: Acceptable rendered cerebral volumes we…
Brain Morphometry and Psychobehavioural Measures in Autistic Low-Functioning Subjects
1997
In the last two decades neurological research has significantly increased knowledge on the neuroanatomic bases of autism. Several autopsy and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities which may underlie the social, language and cognitive dysfunction typical of the autistic disorder.Despite the wealth of evidence that the “autistic brain” is different from normal in a number of structures, the relationship between the severity of the developmental impairment in autism and the degree of the brain abnormality remains unknown.The aim of the present study is to correlate the areas of some brain regions, as calculated on the bas…
Normal Doppler Reference Values of the Pericallosal Artery
2015
Purpose: To provide the normal reference values of the Doppler flow of the pericallosal artery in relation to gestational age from 18 to 41 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods: The pericallosal artery (PCA) was studied in 466 normal pregnancies. The pulsed Doppler evaluation of the pericallosal artery was done in A3 and A4 segments, and records from PI, RI and Vmax were studied. Results: The resistance index of the pericallosal artery in A3 / A4 segments exhibits a plateau from 18 to 31 weeks of gestation. After 31 weeks, a marked decrease becomes apparent. The pulsatility index of the pericallosal artery in A3 / A4 segments shows a plateau until 36 weeks of gestation. During the fina…
Physical activity predicts population-level age-related differences in frontal white matter
2018
AbstractPhysical activity has positive effects on brain health and cognitive function throughout the lifespan. Thus far, few studies have examined the effects of physical activity on white matter (WM) microstructure and psychomotor speed within the same, population-based sample (critical if conclusions are to extend to the wider population). Here, using diffusion tensor imaging and a simple reaction time task within a relatively large population-derived sample (N = 399; 18–87 years) from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), we demonstrate that physical activity mediates the effect of age on white matter integrity, measured with fractional anisotropy. Higher self-repor…
Transient hypothyroidism during lactation arrests myelination in the anterior commissure of rats. A magnetic resonance image and electron microscope …
2018
Thyroid hormone deficiency at early postnatal ages affects the cytoarchitecture and function of neocortical and telencephalic limbic areas, leading to impaired associative memory and in a wide spectrum of neurological and mental diseases. Neocortical areas project interhemispheric axons mostly through the corpus callosum and to a lesser extent through the anterior commissure (AC), while limbic areas mostly project through the AC and hippocampal commissures. Functional magnetic resonance data from children with late diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism and abnormal verbal memory processing, suggest altered ipsilateral and contralateral telencephalic connections. Gestational hypothyroidism aff…