Search results for "Country"
showing 10 items of 709 documents
Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018
2021
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health …
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
2020
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage o…
Kestävyyttä tukevat hallintokäytännöt – vapaa-ajankalastajien näkemyksiä Järvi-Suomen taimen- ja järvilohikantojen hoidosta ja kalastuksen säätelystä
2019
Vapaa-ajankalastus on Suomessa hyvin suosittua ja sitä harjoitetaan kaikilla järvialueilla. Kalastuksen kohteena on yleensä useita kalalajeja ja käytössä on useita eri kalastustapoja, hyvin yleisesti myös verkkoja. Vapaa-ajankalastus muodostaa uhan useiden lajien kestävyydelle ja erityisesti se estää uhanalaisen järvilohen ja vaarantuneen järvitaimenen kantojen palautumisen. Nämä lajit taantuivat vesivoiman rakentamisen seurauksena.
 Suomen sisävesien hallinto on yhdistelmä keskusjohtoista ja alueellista hallintoa, jossa eri kalastajaryhmien osallistuminen on muodollisesti järjestetty. Käytännön päätöksenteko on keskittynyt paikallisille maanomistajille. Tähän mennessä kalastajien sää…
L'espai viscut: de una geografía sentida a una geografía reflexionada
2004
Las rutinas y hábitos que inundan una clase de geografía, los nuevos retos docentes en una sociedad saturada de información y con una disparidad de valores y actitudes ante la institución escolar, dificultan la actividad creativa e investigadora del profesorado. La rapidez con que transcurren los tiempos escolares y la inmediatez de las respuestas que exigen los alumnos hace difícil la tarea de reflexionar sobre la propia práctica educativa. En los momentos iniciales del siglo XXI, la labor docente es extraordinariamente compleja. Por una parte, se encuentra regulada por decretos, normas y órdenes de carácter administrativo. Por otra, sus criterios de autoridad intelectual se encuentran cue…
Using text messages to bridge the intention-behavior gap? A pilot study on the use of text message reminders to increase objectively assessed physica…
2012
Sedentarism is a serious health concern in industrialized countries throughout the world. We examined whether a text message-based intervention, targeted at increasing daily levels of physical activity, would be more effective than a standard psychoeducational intervention and a control condition. Sixty-three individuals (43 women) with a mean age of 23.7 years participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to a psychoeducational standard intervention; an augmented intervention with additional short text messages sent to the mobile phones to remind participants of their action plans, and a control condition. Objectively assessed physical activity and self-efficacy were assessed pre-…
A Cross-Country Study of Workers' Skills and Unemployment Flows
2017
Using an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of the adult population, I study the relation between skills and unemployment flows across 37 countries. Depending on the specifically assessed domain, I document that skills have an unconditional correlation with the log-risk-ratio of exiting to entering unemployment of 0.65–0.68 across the advanced and skill-abundant countries in the sample. The relation is remarkably robust and it is unlikely to be due to reverse causality. I do not find evidence that this positive relation extends to the seven relatively less advanced and less skill-abundant countries in the sample: Peru, Ecuador, Indonesia, Mexico, Chile, Turkey …
“Your ride has arrived” – Exploring the nexus between subjective well-being, socio-cultural beliefs, COVID-19, and the sharing economy
2021
This study aimed to identify and explain different facets of the sharing economy and to differentiate between micro- and macro-mobility services. We also aimed to examine the correlation between the sharing economy and subjective well-being, cultural beliefs, and COVID-19. An exploratory research technique with face-to-face semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from a sample of 22 rideshare app users in a developing country between January and May 2020 and in July 2020. The data were analyzed using the NVivo 12 application. The major findings suggest that, considering their scope and use, sharing economy technology and services can be divided into four major domains: (1) hospi…
The Cultural Roots of Risk
2017
This paper discusses the story of Mary and Roger an elderly couple who opted to buy a car, but later were pressed to sell it because they were unable to absorb the costs of insurance. The world of risks does not work in the same lines in North than South. This pieces invites the discussion to what extent risk perception is not an instrument for controlling workforce in under-developing nations. The mythologies of mobility have been formulated around life in the First World. They work as ideological devices to activate certain circuits of the economy, which in other times were relegated to peripheral positions. The industries of tourism and air travel transport millions travelers who enjoy t…
Suicide and Ambient Temperature: A Multi-Country Multi-City Study
2019
Background: Previous literature suggests that higher ambient temperature may play a role in increasing the risk of suicide. However, no multi-country study has explored the shape of the association and the role of moderate and extreme heat across different locations. Objectives: We examined the short-term temperature–suicide relationship using daily time-series data collected for 341 locations in 12 countries for periods ranging from 4 to 40 y. Methods: We conducted a two-stage meta-analysis. First, we performed location-specific time-stratified case-crossover analyses to examine the temperature–suicide association for each location. Then, we used a multivariate meta-regression to combine t…
Designing OLPC learning environments: A case on 1:1 pedagogy in rural Tanzania
2013
In the past two decades computers have become a standard educational tool in the industrialized countries. Recently, equipping each student with a personal device (one-to-one computing, OLPC) has been enthusiastically advocated for developing countries, too. However, despite a number of pioneering research studies, broader analyses of pedagogical, technical, and organizational aspects of one-to-one computing in developing countries are largely missing. In this participatory action research in a rural Tanzanian primary school, we identified a number of pedagogical elements that were beneficial for teaching and utilizing ICT in the classroom. We pinpointed exploratory and self-regulated learn…