Search results for "Courts"

FAMILY LAW, RELIGIOUS MARRIAGE AND SHARIA COURTS IN WESTERN SOCIETIES. ONE COMPARATIVE INSIGHT ON THE ENGLISH MODEL

2017

Liberal versions of multiculturalism suggest the need to adopt legal solutions to the recognition and support of minority groups, thus the recognition of cultural or collective rights, which must meet though certain limitations and precautions to protect the freedom of individuals within groups. On the judicial level, this may mean that the courts, in applying the law, take into account foreign standards, as well as principles and rules of its domestic law to assemble a third concrete norm, new with respect to the rules and principles of the systems considered. In this study the issues outlined so far will be addressed by analysing, in short, the role and influence of the Sharia Courts and …

Honesty of agonistic signalling and effects of size and motivation asymmetry in contests

1999

Game theoretical models predict that the main function of fighting behaviour is to assess the relative fighting ability of opponents. The sequential assessment game has often been used to investigate contests, while honest signalling theory has received much less attention. With the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata we investigated whether male agonistic signalling can reveal honest information about fighting ability, and how size and motivation asymmetries affect male fighting behaviour. We also determined whether male–male competition affects the courtship behaviour of the males. We found that agonistic drumming activity is an honest indicator of male fighting ability, and that relati…

Costs of courtship and mating in a sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider: female mating strategies and their consequences for males

2002

The costs of courtship and mating may include increased risks of predation, the transmission of pathogens, and a loss of foraging opportunities. Thus, a female's decision to tolerate a courting male will depend upon how these costs offset the benefits of mating, which will depend on her reproductive and nutritional status. While these costs may be similar for mated and unmated females, the benefits of mating will be less for mated than virgin females. However, the cost of lost foraging opportunities may be higher for females with fewer nutritional reserves necessary for forming eggs. We examined how these costs and benefits influence the courtship and mating behaviour of male and female orb…

Species-specific sex pheromones secreted from new sexual glands in two sympatric fungus-growing termites from northern Vietnam, Macrotermes annandale…

2004

Reproductive isolation in termites is not well known. Our study carried out on two sympatric species from northern Vietnam, Macrotermes annandalei and M. barneyi, showed that dispersal flights and sex pheromones were two important factors in their reproductive isolation. These fungus-growing termites were isolated, partially due to the timing of their respective dispersal flights. M. annandalei flew the first day after rain, while the flights of M. barneyi occurred the second day after rain. However, the flights can also be simultaneous in the two species. Sex pheromones of M. annandalei and M. barneyi were shown to be species-specific. In both species, they were secreted by females from tw…

PGal4 excision reveals the pleiotropic effects of Voila, a Drosophila locus that affects development and courtship behaviour

2001

0016-6723 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; In Drosophila melanogaster, the PGal4 transposon inserted at the chromosomal site 86E1-2 is associated with the Voila1 allele that causes multiple phenotypes. Homozygous Voila1/1 flies rarely reach adulthood and heterozygous Voila1/+ adult males display strong homosexual courtship behaviour. Both normal behavioural and developmental phenotypes were rescued by remobilizing the PGal4 element. Yet, the rescue of heterosexual courtship and of adult viability did not occur in the same strains, indicating that these defects have different genetic origins. Furthermore, many strains showed a partial rescue of both characters. Molec…

Vers un concept juridique d’agriculture de proximité

2016

International audience; La ville est traditionnellement pour les ruralistes une zone d’ombre qui obscurcit le destin de l’agriculture. Comme en photographie, lorsque le contraste d’une scène est trop fort, une partie de l’image ressort « sous-exposée » et une autre « sur-exposée ». Ainsi pendant longtemps, il n’a pas été possible de voir ensemble et harmonieusement l’agriculture et la ville.Dans l’inconscient collectif, la distinction du rural et de l’urbain est structurante : elle renvoie à des identités propres, généralement opposées. On doit à la révolution industrielle du XIXème la scission de la campagne et de la ville en deux univers clos et complémentaires. L’espace rural a alors été…

Agriculture et ville : vers de nouvelles relations juridiques

2016

International audience; Historiquement perçues comme éloignées l'une de l'autre, l'agriculture et la ville sont en voie de constant rapprochement. L'étalement physique des agglomérations, avec leurs zones périurbaines, conjugué à la mobilité accrue des citadins comme des ruraux, réduisent les distances entre les mondes rural et urbain. Si le phénomène provoque, entre l'agriculture et la ville, des rapports d'opposition, il fait aussi naître des rapports de séduction se concluant par des projets agri-urbains. Reste à les concevoir et les organiser juridiquement, enjeu qui n'a jamais été véritablement posé. Or la difficulté est réelle de marier deux droits, celui des villes et celui des champ…

An olfactory circuit for fruit-derived odours promotes courtship in male Drosophila

2010

“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand': Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Courtship of Miles Standish and American National Unity in 1858.”

2007

International audience

Intraspecific variation in mating behaviour does not cause sexual isolation between Drosophila virilis strains

2005

There is increasing evidence that mate recognition systems vary within species. We studied the courtship rituals of five Drosophila virilis strains to investigate this intraspecific variation. Males that actively and persistently courted the female without paying much attention to the female's behaviour were the most successful at copulating. Intraspecific variation in mating rituals was high, but not as high as at the species level and it was not high enough to cause sexual isolation between the strains. The differences in courtship interactions of the strains reflected their geographical origin. Males from one of the strains did not produce audible song during their courtship, but still m…