Search results for "Coverage"

showing 8 items of 168 documents

Shade effects on overseeded bermudagrass athletic fields: I. Turfgrass coverage and growth rate

2019

Shade from athletic stadium structures can be a significant deterrent to turfgrass performance. The objective of this study was to determine the daily light requirements of an overseeded or non-overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf maintained to simulate an athletic field. An experiment was established in 2013 on a mature bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Riviera] turf that was either overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or non-overseeded. Plots were re-seeded with ryegrass each fall, but ryegrass was allowed to transition without chemical removal. Shade structures were installed to create four light level treatments including a full-sun control (0% shade…

Shade Overseeding Bermudagrass Athletic Fields Turfgrass Coverage Growth RateAgronomyLight penetrationGrowth rateBiologyPhotosynthesisAgronomy and Crop ScienceSettore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni Erbacee
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Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda: design drawings compared

2012

Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda is among the most important designers, architects, engineers and designers at the end of '800. He has participated in numerous architectural competitions, both at Palermo in Sicily and again in Italy. He has conducted numerous studies on the identification of significant types of construction from coffee house to the shrines cemeteries, the decorative detail to the urban study on a large scale. Of course He is remembered in our city, especially as the designer of the Politeama, an imposing structure that dominates the central square of Palermo. Very old city, whose roots, evidenced by the presence dating back to the Punic, have never found a break until the present …

Settore ICAR/17 - DisegnoTheatre iron coverage architectural drawings
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and composition of intertidal and subtidal communities

2018

Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion concentrations to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34° N). This study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of surface seawater pCO2 (280–320 µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We provide the first assessment of ocean acidification effects at a biogeo…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)SalinityTemperateBicarbonate ion standard deviationCommunity composition and diversityAlkalinity total standard deviationinorganicAlkalinityCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater standard deviationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationEarth System ResearchField observationstandard deviationCalcite saturation stateCoverageFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawaterwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationBicarbonate ionTypeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationIndividualsCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and biogenic habitat shifts under long-term ocean acidification

2023

Experiments have shown that increasing dissolved CO2 concentrations (i.e. Ocean Acidification, OA) in marine ecosystems may act as nutrient for primary producers (e.g. fleshy algae) or a stressor for calcifying species (e.g., coralline algae, corals, molluscs). For the first time, rapid habitat dominance shifts and altered competitive replacement from a reef-forming to a non-reef-forming biogenic habitat were documented over one-year exposure to low pH/high CO2 through a transplant experiment off Vulcano Island CO2 seeps (NE Sicily, Italy). Ocean acidification decreased vermetid reefs complexity via a reduction in the reef-building species density, boosted canopy macroalgae and led to chang…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationSalinityTemperateCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityDensityType of studyExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAbundanceCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorEarth System ResearchPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoveragePotentiometricwaterSiteRocky-shore communityAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosReplicateMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)pH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSCarbonate system computation flagComplexityFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and fish communities properties off CO2 seeps in Japan

2020

Ocean acidification will likely change the structure and function of coastal marine ecosystems over coming decades. Volcanic carbon dioxide seeps generate dissolved CO2 and pH gradients that provide realistic insights into the direction and magnitude of these changes. Here, we used fish and benthic community surveys to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of fish community properties off CO2 seeps in Japan. Adding to previous evidence from ocean acidification ecosystem studies conducted elsewhere, our findings documented shifts from calcified to non-calcified habitats with reduced benthic complexity. In addition, we found that such habitat transition led to decreased diversity of associated …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCanopy heightCommunity composition and diversityCoverage standard deviationinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventReplicatespHPelagosTemperaturedissolvedCanopy height standard deviationCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Fish standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationEarth System Researchstandard deviationField observationgeographic locationsPotentiometric titrationCoverageCalcite saturation stateLocationPotentiometricwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityBenthosSpecies richness standard deviationSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCBiotic Habitat Profile ratioTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airFishTransectCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityBiotic Habitat Profile ratio standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSeasonCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and percentage cover of macroalgal species at three locations at Vulcano, Italy

2017

Beneficial effects of CO2 on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver of ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses of macroalgal species to ocean acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that the response of assemblages to elevated CO2 are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and a proxy for CO2:HCO3- use (delta 13C values) of macroalgae along a gradient of CO2 at a volcanic seep, and examined how shifts in species abundance at other Mediterranean seeps are related to macroalgal inorganic carbon physiology. Five macroalgal species capable of using both HCO3- and CO2 had greater CO2 use as concentrations increased. Th…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityCaulerpa proliferaCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationUdotea petiolatainorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinitySargassum muticumDictyota dichotomaHalopteris scopariaYearsCystoseira brachycarpaExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCystoseira foeniculaceaCaulerpa racemosaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Cystoseira foeniculataAragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Acetabularia acetabulumJania rubensCarbon dioxide standard deviationEarth System Researchδ13CLipid contentstandard deviationField observationUniform resource locator link to referenceCystoseira crinitaCoverageCalcite saturation stateLocationwaterSiteRocky-shore communityFigureBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionDictyopteris polypodioidesDilophus fasciolaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesCystoseira compressaEvent labelCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationMassFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonOxygenPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airPadina pavonicaSeasonδ13C standard deviationCoast and continental shelfCodium bursaTableCystoseira barbarta
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Ocean acidification impairs vermetid reef recruitment

2014

Vermetids form reefs in sub-tropical and warm-temperate waters that protect coasts from erosion, regulate sediment transport and accumulation, serve as carbon sinks and provide habitat for other species. The gastropods that form these reefs brood encapsulated larvae; they are threatened by rapid environmental changes since their ability to disperse is very limited. We used transplant experiments along a natural CO2 gradient to assess ocean acidification effects on the reef-building gastropod Dendropoma petraeum. We found that although D. petraeum were able to reproduce and brood at elevated levels of CO2, recruitment success was adversely affected. Long-term exposure to acidified conditions…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)SalinityTemperateSurvivalAbundance per areainorganicAlkalinityIncubation durationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedNeogoniolithon brassica-floridaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventMortality SurvivalpHReproductionTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errorStrontium/Calcium ratiodissolvedMagnesium/Calcium ratioCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorEarth System ResearchRecruitmentMortality/SurvivalFOS: Medical biotechnologygeographic locationsPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoveragePotentiometricwaterSiteGrowth MorphologyFigureAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosReplicateMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionNeogoniolithon brassica floridaLONGITUDETemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesLATITUDEBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airMagnesium Calcium ratioCoast and continental shelfDendropoma petraeumStrontium Calcium ratio
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and coralline algal diversity

2021

Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificMarine habitatAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Calcium carbonate standard deviationstandard errorEarth System Researchstandard deviationField observationCalcium carbonateCoverageCalcite saturation stateLocationwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityCalcium carbonate massAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Coverage standard errorfungiEvent labelPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
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