Search results for "Crania"
showing 10 items of 885 documents
Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: One-Year Follow-up
2023
Background and objectives: Declines in stroke admission, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy over a one-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020). M…
Measurement of brain tissue pressure in cold induced cerebral oedema.
1973
Experiments were performed in order to evaluate the concept that brain oedema is associated with an increase in local interstitial fluid pressure. Assuming that the pressure measured by the cotton wick technique represents the hydrostatic interstitial fluid pressure, the tissue pressure was recorded with pressure transducers in the white matter adjacent and remote to a local cold injury, in the opposite hemisphere, and in the cisterna magna. In 9 cats during steady-state conditions mean tissue pressures between 1.20±0.30 mm Hg and 2.33±0.80 mm Hg were found, as compared to a mean CSF pressure of 5.17±0.82 mm Hg. The tissue pressure was found to increase significantly adjacent to the lesion …
Secondary thyroid carcinoma after treatment for childhood cancer
1998
Background Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) have become a primary concern in evaluating long-term effects of treatment in pediatric oncology. Thyroid carcinoma has proven to be a common SMN. Methods. In a multicenter study involving 58 hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 18 of 239 (7.5%) SMNs documented following first malignant neoplasm (FMN) in childhood were thyroid carcinoma. Results. The age at diagnosis of FMN ranged from 1 to 15 years. Eleven patients were female. Six children had survived Hodgkin disease, seven acute leukemia, two Ewing sarcoma and three various other tumors. Fifteen of the 18 patients had been treated with radiotherapy to the head and neck region. The t…
Radiation-induced vascular changes in the intracranial irradiation field in medulloblastoma survivors: An MRI study
2019
While survival times after treatment of medulloblastoma are increasing, little is known about radiochemotherapy (RCT)-induced cerebrovascular changes. High resolution vessel wall imaging (VWI) sequences are an emerging tool for the evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases. We performed VWI in medulloblastoma long-term survivors to screen for late sequelae of RCT.Twenty-two pediatric medulloblastoma survivors (mean age 25.8 years (10-53 years); 16.3 years (mean) post primary RCT (range 1-45 years)) underwent 2D VWI-MRI. Vessel wall thickening, contrast enhancement and luminal narrowing were analyzed. The findings were correlated with the patients' radiation protocols.Vessel wall changes were o…
Histological Findings in Coil-packed Experimental Aneurysms 3 Months after Embolization
2002
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Knowledge regarding tissue reactions within coil-packed aneurysms is poor. The purpose of this study was to analyze histological changes in a chronic experimental bifurcation aneurysm model that might explain the protective effect of Guglielmi detachable coils. METHODS The aneurysms were produced by means of a venous graft pouch at a surgically created bifurcation of the carotid artery in the neck of rabbits. After 3 weeks, embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils was performed in the treatment group but not in the control group (seven rabbits each). At the time of embolization, six of seven treated aneurysms were completely occluded according to radiological criteria…
Characterization of the cortical laser-doppler flow and hippocampal degenerative patterns after global cerebral ischaemia in the goat.
1998
Large-animal models offer several advantages in the study of cerebral ischaemia: easier control of physiological variables, easier neuropathological evaluation, etc. In the present study we have taken advantage of the unique cerebrovascular anatomy of the goat to reproduce a model of reversible, incomplete, global cerebral ischaemia in a large-sized animal species, in which the effects of successive manoeuvres to stop and re-start cerebral blood flow can be recorded continuously. Early cortical laser-Doppler flow response (up to 2 h) and delayed neuronal degeneration (7 days) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield have been analysed in goats undergoing 5, 10 or 20 min of transient, global cerebral…
Ultrasonography for evaluation of the carotid artery in head and neck cancer.
1994
The dynamic relationship of lymph node metastases to surrounding vascular structures in the neck is important for preoperative patient assessment. When carotid artery involvement is suspected, this relationship often determines whether or not to operate. In the case of adhesive neck metastases along the internal jugular vein, it becomes possible to predict preoperatively if the integrity of this vein may be preserved. Ultrasonography has the ability to differentiate subtle from gross adherence, or simple compression from vascular invasion. This is done by manually palpating the tumor mass and asking the patient to perform various maneuvers while observing on a monitor the relationship of th…
Effects of Neuromodulation on Gait
2018
In the last decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has evolved to become a valuable tool in both basic and clinical neuroscience. Various methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) have been widely used for diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic applications in a broad range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The rationale for using NIBS techniques lies in the possibility to modulate, in a targeted manner, the activity of different cerebral and cerebellar cortical regions, as well as the functional connections between these areas and distant brain regions also including subcortical structures. The neural circuitry in…
The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the study of cerebellar cognitive function.
2007
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of brain structures. This technique can be used either for stimulating the motor cortex, recording motor evoked potentials from peripheral muscles, or for modulating the excitability of other non-motor areas in order to establish their necessity for a given task. TMS of the cerebellum can give interesting insights on the cerebellar functions. Paired-TMS techniques, delivering stimuli over the cerebellum followed at various interstimulus intervals by stimuli over the motor cortex, allow studying the pattern of connectivity between the cerebellum and the contralateral motor cortex in physiological as well as in pathologic…
Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Suprahyoid Muscles Motor Cortex Facilitates Increased Degree Centrality in Healthy Subjects
2020
Theta-burst stimulation (TBS), a variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), can potentially benefit the treatment of swallowing disorders. However, the after-effects of TBS on the swallowing motor cortex remain uncertain. The newly developed graph-based analysis of the centrality approach has been increasingly used to explore brain networks. The purpose of this study was to identify degree centrality (DC) alterations in the brain network after different TBS protocols were performed over the suprahyoid muscles motor cortex in healthy subjects. A total of 40 right-handed healthy subjects (mean age: 23.73 ± 2.57 years, range: 21–30, 20 females) were included in this study …