Search results for "Cranial nerve"
showing 7 items of 67 documents
Updated management of occipital nerve stimulator lead migration: case report of a technical challenge
2021
Abstract Electrode migration is a challenge, even with adequate anchoring techniques, due to the high mechanical stress on components of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) for headache disorders. When a lead displacement of an ONS implant is diagnosed, there are currently different approaches described for its management. Nevertheless current neuromodulation devices are designed like a continuum of components without any intermediate connector, and if a lead displacement is diagnosed, the solution is the complete removal of the electrode from its placement, and its repositioning through an ex-novo procedure. The described technique can allow ONS leads to be revised while minimizing the need …
Incidence and lifetime prevalence of Bell's palsy in two Sicilian municipalities
1996
Introduction - In a door-to-door two-phase survey of common neurologic diseases conducted in two Sicilian municipalities, we investigated the incidence and the lifetime prevalence of Bell's palsy (BP). Material & methods - During phase 1, we administered a screening instrument for facial palsy to 11,901 adult persons. During phase 2, study neurologists using specified diagnostic criteria evaluated those subjects who screened positive. Results - We found 73 subjects who had experienced BP during their life. The lifetime prevalence as of November 1, 1987, was 642.8 cases per 100,000 population age 15 years and above. The prevalence increased with age and was similar in men and women. Eighteen…
Cranial nerve function in workers exposed to polychlorinated dioxins and furans
2002
OBJECTIVE: To look for possible effects of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) on cranial nerve function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical and neurophysiological examinations [visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (VEP and BAEP), blink reflex] in 121 PCDD/F exposed workers of one pesticide producing plant. RESULTS: BAEP abnormalities were more frequent in workers with chloracne (6 of 33 workers, 18.2%) than in those without chloracne (7 of 84, 8.3%), but this was not statistically significant (chi2: 2.33). VEP abnormalities were seen in one worker with and two without chloracne. Clinically visual functions were normal except in one worker, who was amaurotic since birth. Blin…
Dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar complex causing neural compression
2014
Dear Editor, We have read with great interest the paper of Yuh et al.[4] reporting a case of symptomatic hydrocephalus due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) compressing the brainstem. Ectatic or pathologically enlarged vertebrobasilar arteries have been reported with increasing frequency and associated with several clinical syndromes. These include an assortment of cranial nerve syndromes, transient or permanent motor deficit, cerebellar dysfunction, central sleep apnea, ischemic stroke, hypertension, and hydrocephalus as reported in the paper by Yuh et al.[4] Others and we have also described pyramidal tract signs and cranial nerve nucleus dysfunction caused by vascular compression o…
Akustikusneurinom als Ursache einer progredienten kindlichen Hörstörung
2003
Background: Neurinomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve unrelated to neurofibromatosis in children are extremely rare. Only 20 cases in children under the age of 16 are reported in the literature. Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and neurological deficits due to cranial nerve or brainstem compression are clinical signs. Patient and Results: We report on the case of a 12-years-old girl with an unilateral hearing loss, progressing to total deafness. Otoacoustic emissions were normal. In the MRI a large cerebellopontine angle tumor was found, identified as schwannoma of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Conclusions: The importance of MR Imaging in children with progressive unila…
Cerebrovascular Brainstem Diseases with Isolated Cranial Nerve Palsies
2002
There is a significant number of individual patients with cranial nerve palsies as the sole manifestation of MRI- and, less frequently, CT-documented small brainstem infarctions or hemorrhages. The 3rd and 6th nerves are most commonly involved and, less frequently, the 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th nerves. An intra-axial basis for such lesions may be underestimated if the diagnosis is based solely on MRI. The electrophysiologic abnormalities indicating brainstem lesions may be independent of MRI-documented morphological lesions. This paper reviews the literature on cerebrovascular brainstem diseases manifesting as isolated cranial nerve palsies. It supports the concept that small pontine and mesen…
Presurgical evaluation of hemifacial spasm and spasmodic torticollis caused by a neurovascular conflict from AICA with 3T MRI integrated by 3D drive …
2014
Background: Hemifacial spasm (HS) and spasmodic torticollis (ST) are well-known disorders that are caused by a neurovascular conflict. HS is characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face due to spasms of orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles, and is usually caused by vascular compression of the VII cranial nerve. ST is an extremely painful chronic movement disorder causing the neck to involuntary turn to the side, upward and/or downward. HS is usually idiopathic but it is rarely caused by a neurovascular conflict with the XI cranial nerve. Case Description: We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with a 2-year history of left hemifacial spasm …