Search results for "Crash"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Data-based modeling of vehicle crash using adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system
2014
Vehicle crashes are considered to be events that are extremely complex to be analyzed from the mathematical point of view. In order to establish a mathematical model of a vehicle crash, one needs to consider various areas of research. For this reason, to simplify the analysis and improve the modeling process, in this paper, a novel adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS-based) approach to reconstruct kinematics of colliding vehicles is presented. A typical five-layered ANFIS structure is trained to reproduce kinematics (acceleration, velocity, and displacement) of a vehicle involved in an oblique barrier collision. Subsequently, the same ANFIS structure is applied to simulate different…
Gender and age distribution of motorcycle crashes in Spain.
2018
This study analysed motorcycle crashes in Spain. Ninety-nine thousand three hundred and four motorcycle crash reports filed in the years 2006-2011 were extracted from the Directorate General of Traffic database of crashes with victims. These data were analysed in terms of gender, age groups, trip purpose, type of crash, speed violation, day of the week, harm caused, use of helmet and psychophysical conditions of the driver to study the characteristics of motorcycle crashes in Spain and to assess the differences between male and female motorcycle drivers in these crashes. Significant differences were found in all the variables considered in the study, which implies gender differences in the …
Driving habits and risk factors for traffic accidents among sleep apnea patients - a European multi-centre cohort study
2014
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased motor vehicle accident risk, and improved detection of patients at risk is of importance. The present study addresses potential risk factors in the European Sleep Apnea Database and includes patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea [n = 8476, age 51.5 (12.5) years, body mass index 31.0 (6.6) kg m(-2) , 82.4% driver's licence holders]. Driving distance (km year(-1) ), driver's licence type, sleep apnea severity, sleepiness and comorbidities were assessed. Previously validated risk factors for accident history: Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥16; habitual sleep time ≤5 h; use of hypnotics; and driving ≥15 000 km year(-1) were analysed acro…
Modeling offenses among motorcyclists involved in crashes in Spain.
2013
In relative terms, Spanish motorcyclists are more likely to be involved in crashes than other drivers and this tendency is constantly increasing. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that are related to being an offender in motorcycle accidents. A binary logit model is used to differentiate between offender and non-offender motorcyclists. A motorcyclist was considered to be offender when s/he had committed at least one traffic offense at the moment previous to the crash. The analysis is based on the official accident database of the Spanish general directorate of traffic (DGT) for the 2003–2008 time period. A number of explanatory variables including motorcyclist character…
Are Latin American cycling commuters 'at risk'? A comparative study on cycling patterns, behaviors, and crashes with non-commuter cyclists
2020
Abstract Introduction As part of the transformation of urban transportation dynamics, commuter cycling has acquired a high relevance as an alternative mode of transport in different countries, and Latin America seems to be one of the main focus of this worldwide “revolution”. However, the high rates of crashes and injuries suffered by commuters have become a relevant issue in the field of road safety, especially in emerging regions with low cycling tradition, where social and infrastructural gaps may endanger the cyclists’ safety. Objectives This study had two objectives. First, to compare key safe cycling-related variables between cycling commuters and non-commuters; and second, to differe…
A novel L1CAM mutation in a fetus detected by prenatal diagnosis
2010
X-linked hydrocephalus is due to mutations in the L1 neuronal cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) gene. L1 protein plays a key role in neurite outgrowth, axonal guidance, and pathfinding during the development of the nervous system. We report on a familial case diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonographic examination, with cerebellar hypoplasia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and the bilateral overlapping of the second and third fingers of the hand. Sequencing of the L1CAM gene showed a novel missense mutation in exon 14: transition of a guanine to cytosine at position 1777 (c.1777G > C), which led to an amino acid change of alanine to proline at position 593 (Ala593Pro) in the sixth immunoglobulin …
Staged Wrecks: The Railroad Crash Between Infrastructural Lesson and Amusement
2019
To explore infrastructures and publics from a historical perspective, in this paper I will focus on the entangled development of transport infrastructures in the nineteenth century on the one hand and the rise of amusement cultures on the other. More specifically, I will examine a phenomenon that became popular at US State Fairs at the end of the century, namely staged railroad crashes with two steam locomotives.
A Data-Based Approach for Modeling and Analysis of Vehicle Collision by LPV-ARMAX Models
2013
Published version of an article in the journal: Journal of Applied Mathematics. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/452391 Open Access Vehicle crash test is considered to be the most direct and common approach to assess the vehicle crashworthiness. However, it suffers from the drawbacks of high experiment cost and huge time consumption. Therefore, the establishment of a mathematical model of vehicle crash which can simplify the analysis process is significantly attractive. In this paper, we present the application of LPV-ARMAX model to simulate the car-to-pole collision with different initial impact velocities. The parameters of the LPV-ARMAX are assumed to …
Driving impairment and crash risk in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2018
ObjectivesTo provide the best possible evidence base for guiding driving decisions in Parkinson disease (PD), we performed a meta-analysis comparing patients with PD to healthy controls (HCs) on naturalistic, on-the-road, and simulator driving outcomes.MethodsSeven major databases were systematically searched (to January 2018) for studies comparing patients with PD to HCs on overall driving performance, with data analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsFifty studies comprising 5,410 participants (PD = 1,955, HC = 3,455) met eligibility criteria. Analysis found the odds of on-the-road test failure were 6.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79–10.03) times higher and the odds of sim…
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTHROPOMORPHIC MODEL FOR VEHICLE – PEDESTRIAN CRASH TEST
2009
The purpose of this work is the achievement of an anthropomorphic model for the virtual simulation of pedestrian – vehicle crash test. “Dummy” construction in Visual Nastran room does possible the preparation of crash test with several vehicle models. Its three-dimensional geometry is implemented by video animation software, extracting the geometry element for element, and its characteristics are in keeping with EURONCAP protocol. Every bodily segment properties are determined using the reference material on the movement biomechanics. At last fall tests from three different heights are simulated for the “Dummy” validation, obtaining a reliable result.