Search results for "Crash"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Not gendered… but different from each other? A structural equation model for explaining risky road behaviors of female and male pedestrians.
2020
Abstract As alternative transportation is getting more and more fashionable, and more people worldwide are "shifting" to walking trips, even for their daily commuting, traffic crashes suffered by pedestrians are still a great concern for road safety and public health researchers and practitioners. In this regard, risky or "aberrant" road behaviors have emerged, during the last few years, as a key issue to be considered for crash prevention. Nevertheless, the idea of a "generic pedestrian" is getting re-evaluated, and analyzing key features, such as gender, seems to be crucial for understanding pedestrians' performance and safety outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to examine…
Drop weight tensile impact testing of adhesively bonded carbon/epoxy laminate joints
2012
Abstract Crashworthiness of composite structures is a key issue for the design of lightweight vehicles. In particular the joined parts of the structures must be able to absorb a high amount of energy in order to protect the passengers. In this paper the dynamic behavior of adhesively bonded carbon/epoxy laminate joints is investigated. The adherends are made of unidirectional plies, whose orientations are carefully chosen in order to assess the influence of the adherend mechanical properties on the joint behavior. A drop weight machine has been modified in order to impact specimens under tension. Single lap joints are tested under impact tension at velocities from 1 to 4 m/s. Results of the…
Are Traffic Announcements Really Effective? A Systematic Review of Evaluations of Crash-Prevention Communication Campaigns
2021
Communication campaigns are commonly used in the traffic and road safety sector to raise public awareness of the importance of avoiding risky road user attitudes and behaviors. Surprisingly few of these communication campaigns evaluate their effectiveness in a formal and comprehensive manner. The core aim of the present systematic review is to identify the type of studies that evaluate the effectiveness of campaigns in this sector, in order to identify and contrast their main findings. This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology, by means of which the relevant articles based on the search term were identified. A total of 613 indexed articles were filtered, and a final set of 27 a…
Uso delle tecniche GNSS a supporto dei rilievi di infortunistica stradale
2013
In the context of scientific research developed in recent years by DICAM, University of Palermo, a trend that is particularly interesting and multidisciplinary concerning the use of GNSS techniques in NRTK for applications of road accidents. The detections of the information relating to the left road today are conducted with standardized mode between those of local police; regarding the real relief it is realized with triangulation techniques, with the aid of manual instrumentation consists casters metrics in plastic or steel wires. The GNSS techniques in NRTK lend themselves well to this type of survey, the high information content and to manage different metadata (maps, coordinates, photo…
Data-based modeling of vehicle collisions by nonlinear autoregressive model and feedforward neural network
2013
Vehicle crash test is the most direct and common method to assess vehicle crashworthiness. Visual inspection and obtained measurements, such as car acceleration, are used, e.g. to examine impact severity of an occupant or to assess overall car safety. However, those experiments are complex, time-consuming, and expensive. We propose a method to reproduce car kinematics during a collision using nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) model which parameters are estimated by the use of feedforward neural network. NAR model presented in this study is derived from the more general one - nonlinear autoregressive with moving average (NARMA). Suitability of autoregressive systems for data-based modeling was …
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of a Vehicle Crash Test based on a Single-Mass
2014
In this paper mathematical modelling of a vehicle crash test based on a single mass is studied. The models under consideration consist of a single mass, a spring and/or a damper. They are constructed according to the measured vehicle speed before the collision and measured vehicle accelerations in three directions at the centre of gravity. A new model of nonlinear spring-mass-damper is also proposed to describe the crash. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methods.
A Novel Technique for Modeling Vehicle Crash using Lumped Parameter Models
2021
This paper presents a novel technique for modeling a full frontal vehicle crash. The crash event is divided into two phases; the first until maximum crush and the second part when the vehicle starts pitching forward. This novel technique will help develop a three degrees of freedom (DOF) lumped parameter model (LPM) for crash and support in the vehicle development process. The paper also highlights the design process for reducing vehicle pitching in occupant protection load cases. The model has been validated against a finite element (FE) simulation of a full frontal crash of a Chevrolet Silverado developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the LPM shows goo…
A new methodology for the optimal design of crash-boxes
2014
Determinants of interest margins in Spanish credit institutions before and after the 2008 financial crash
2017
As interest margins of credit institutions affect economic performance of countries, finding out which are the main determinants of their evolution is a research task of great interest at current times. This is the purpose of the present paper as regards to the Spanish case over the period 2004-2012. Based on the econometric contributions by Ho and Saunders (1981) and some of its extensions, the authors develop a model that includes as explanatory variables the factors usually examined in the literature and other singular variables that might be relevant. Particularly, the rate of leverage, the quality of their assets measured according to their risk, and the profit obtained from the sellin…