Search results for "Cropping system"
showing 10 items of 82 documents
Contrasted integrated weed management systems reduce reliance on herbicides and lead to various dynamics of weed communities
2014
Co-design and test of biodiversity-based pesticide-free Conservation Agriculture in the long-term CA-SYS platform in France
2022
The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) has established an ambitious experimental infrastructure (the CA-SYS platform) in autumn 2018 after 5 years of co-design with farmers, crop advisors and researchers. CA-SYS covers an area of 125ha divided into 42 fields. The originality of CA-SYS is that it is explicitly conceivedfor the design and evaluation of biodiversity-based and pesticide-free agroecological systems across agriculturallyrealistic scales. An agroecological system will comprise a matrix of fields of one (or a few) cropping systems over anumber of years interacting with adjacent semi-natural habitats (hedges, grass margin strips, flower strips). Thisspatio-te…
Maize-based low-input cropping systems can provide effective weed control while ensuring crop productivity
2016
Conventional Maize Monoculture (MMConv) is now questioned for environmental reasons. During a five-year field experiment, yield and weed pressure of MMConv was compared to three low-input Cropping Systems (CS) : MMLI, a Low-Input Maize Monoculture; MMCT, a Conservation Tillage Maize Monoculture; Maize-MSW, Maize rotated with Soyabean and Wheat, all designed to reduce water pollution. In 2014 and 2015, weed-free zones were established on all CS. Weed biomass was higher in MMCT, especially for spring grasses and perennials. MMConv (11.3±1.1 T ha-1) and MMLI (10.6±2.3 T ha-1) had higher grain yields than MMCT (8.2±1.9 T ha-1). Finally, concerning yields observed in weed-free zones, MMCT yields…
Reducing pesticide use through crop diversification
2022
Managing pests while reducing pesticide use is a major challenge to improve cropping system sustainability. Crop diversification appears as a promising tool to promote ecosystem services such as pest control (Tamburini et al., 2020; Beillouin et al., 2021). Lechenet et al. (2016) identified crop sequence and crop diversity, among other management practices, as important factors to reduce pesticide use in most French production situations. Crop diversification could allow the reduction of pesticide use at the cropping system level through: i) the introduction of crops with low intrinsic pesticide use (i.e. grassland, sunflower,…) and ii) the disruption of biological cycles of pests and disea…
Analyse des effets direct et indirect des pratiques agricoles sur les adventices et la production de blé tendre d’hiver
2016
Analysis of direct and indirect effects of farming practices on weeds and winter wheat yield. Farmers implement farming practices to maximize production by limiting biotic (e.g. weeds) and abiotic (e.g. nutrient) growth factors. Our study aimed to quantify direct and indirect (through a change of weed pressure) effects of farming practices on yield. We analysed the relationships between farming practices, weeds and yield of 152 wheat fields located in the study site of Fénay (UMR Agroécologie, Dijon) using partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). Our results showed that farming practices had a positive direct effect on crop productivity (β = 0.32). Farming practices decreased weed pres…
The role of models in management and conservation of weeds
2013
Session 7 - Options and perspectives in weed managementEASPEEcolDurCT1; Weeds are both a harmful crop pest and an important component of biodiversity. Moreover, herbicide use must be reduced to limit its impact on environment, and weed control must now combine numerous management techniques with partial efficiency aiming at preventing weed occurrence. Biological regulations of weeds by other biotic components could also contribute to control infestations. Thus, new cropping systems are needed, combining numerous techniques and aiming at both maximising weed-related biodiversity and minimising weed harmfulness.[br/]Weed dynamics models are increasingly used to design innovative cropping syst…
Modelling the fate of pesticides in innovative cropping systems disigned to reduce the use of pesticides
2016
EAAgroSupINRAGESTAD; The objective of this work was to assess and compare the ability of three pesticide fate models (MACRO, PEARL and PRZM) to simulate the concentration in leachates of pesticides applied in different conventional and innovative cropping systems. The test of the models was based on measurements of water flows and pesticides concentrations done in two French experimental sites. The results showed that MACRO was the most efficient model to simulate the amounts of percolated water and the concentrations of pesticides used in the various cropping systems
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2016
Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which causes important yield losses in crops, particularly in winter oilseed rape in France. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds and crops in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on literature and on our own experiments. The model simulates the complete life-cycle of the parasite, from seed dynamics in the soil to seed production after development on the host. Interactions between the parasite and crops and weeds were characterized at the species level and at the plan…
CA-SYS: A long term experimental platform on agroecology at various scales
2018
National audience; The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) has established an ambitious, multiscale, agricultural experimental infrastructure (the CA-SYS platform) as a collaboration between the Research Unit, Agroécologie (Dijon, eastern France), and the Experimental Research Unit, Domaine d’Epoisses (20 km next to Dijon). CA-SYS covers an area of 120 ha, and is divided into 47 fields, each of which has drainage and can be irrigated, and will be initiated in autumn 2018. The aims of CA-SYS are to: i) design and evaluate new agroecological systems; ii) study the transition from current farming systems towards these new agroecological systems, with goals that include a…