Search results for "Cropping"
showing 10 items of 150 documents
Analysis of the relationship between production situation drivers and cropping systems at the regional scale
2014
International audience
Reduction of nitrate leaching: what is the contribution of the residual weed flora?
2018
International audience; Integrated crop protection tolerates residual weeds if they are not harmful for crop production. Weeds are often solely considered as a pest, causing crop yield loss, harvest pollution, diseases … However, they may also provide beneficial services for agroecosystems, promoting plant biodiversity and feeding other organisms potentially beneficial to crop production (pollinators, carabids…). The role of residual weed flora as nitrate catchers, during summer fallow, has however rarely been assessed. Yet, some weed species are known for their high potential to take up soil nitrogen. The present study aimed to (1) develop an indicator to account for the potential benefici…
How to model crop-weed competition for soil resources: Connecting the STICS soil submodel to the FLORSYS weed dynamics model
2020
International audience
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture innovants : le cas exemplaire de la Protection Intégrée contre la flore adventice
2009
Pas de résumé
The role and management of crop-weed interactions in agroecological cropping systems
2020
International audience
Simulation study of the effects of intensified crop management in genetically manipulated maize on arable weed flora and associated fauna
2014
International audience; Cultivation of GM crops with herbicide tolerance is mostly associated with changes in crop and weed management, like simplified rotations, simplified tillage and change from selective herbicides to the broadband glyphosate. All of these management practices decrease weed densities in crops and change their composition. Although weeds cause yield loss and harvest problems, they are an important part of arable biodiversity and offer food and habitat for different groups of animals. A simulation study was conducted to analyse indirect effects of intensified cropping in GM maize on biodiversity. The dynamic crop: weed model FlorSys was used to simulate weed densities and…
Adapting cropping system to delay herbicide resistance. A simulation study
2014
Weeds have evolved resistance to numerous herbicides, and their management becomes increasingly expensive and difficult. Here we (1) adapted the existing weed dynamics simulation model AlomSys to account for target-site resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in Alopecurus myosuroides by integrating wild and mutant target-site resistant (TSR) genotypes, mutations, fitness costs and seed immigration, and (2) ran simulations testing different crop management practices for their ability to delay resistance evolution and/or control of TSR plants. Simulations of an oilseed rape/winter wheat/winter barley rotation showed that TSR plants exceeded 1 plant/m² appro…
Assessing the effect of changes of agricultural practices accompanying herbicide-tolerant crops on agricultural biodiversity. A simulation study with…
2014
International audience
Ex Ante evaluation of gene flow in oilseed rape with cropping system models
2013
Chapitre 4; Oilseed rape (OSR) genes can escape fields in space via pollen and seeds, and in time via volunteers resulting from seeds lost before or during oilseed rape harvest. When varieties co-exist, e.g. genetically-modified (GM) and non-GM varieties, this spatio-temporal gene flow can lead to the adventitious presence of GM seeds in non-GM harvests and thus cause financial losses for farmers and cooperatives. Gene flow depends on crop locations, succession, and management, as well as the location and management of semi-natural areas such as roadverges. The objective of this investigation was to present a simulation methodology using the spatially-explicit cropping system model GENESYS …
Combining expert knowledge and models in participatory workshops with farmers to design sustainable weed management strategies
2020
International audience; In order to design cropping systems reconciling cropproduction, biodiversity and reduced herbicide use, weorganized participatory workshops with farmers in theChampagne region (North-Eastern France). Methodscombined cropping-system prototyping by farmers, expertopinion and models. In a first meeting, farmers determinedtheir objectives and constraints, and chose areference system existing in one of their farms (oilseedrape/winter wheat/winter wheat/spring barley heavilyinfested by autumnal grass weeds). In a secondmeeting, two sets of prototypes were designed by twoseparate groups, using the Mission Ecophyt’eau® tool(https://ecophytopic.fr/pour-aller-plus-loin/outil-m…