Search results for "Crops"
showing 10 items of 193 documents
CLEARMiner: a new algorithm for mining association patterns on heterogeneous time series from climate data
2010
International audience; Recently, improvements in sensor technology contributed to increasing in spatial data acquisition. The use of remote sensing in many countries and states, where agricultural business is a large part of their gross income, can provide a valuable source to improve their economy. The combination of climate and remote sensing data can reveal useful information, which can help researchers to monitor and estimate the production of agricultural crops. Data mining techniques are the main tools to analyze and extract relationships and patterns. In this context, this paper presents a new algorithm for mining association patterns in Geo-referenced databases of climate and satel…
Effect of cropping cycles and repeated herbicide applications on the degradation of diclofop-methyl, bentazone, diuron, isoproturon and pendimethalin…
2002
A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the ability of four crops (wheat, corn, oilseed rape and soybean) to influence the degradation of bentazone, diclofop-methyl, diuron, isoproturon and pendimethalin in soil. The present study showed that microbial biomass-carbon was significantly higher in planted soils than in bulk soil, especially with wheat and corn, after several cropping cycles. The biomass in corn and soybean planted soils was adversely affected by bentazone but recovered after three cropping cycles. In wheat-planted soils, diclofop-methyl application resulted in persistent increase of the amount of microbial biomass. Bentazone did not show accelerated degradation even af…
Retour d’expériences sur le semis-direct sous couvert sans glyphosate
2019
Cet article présente les travaux menés dans le cadre du projet ENGAGED. Ce projet a été initié en 2016 à la demande d'agriculteurs normands qui pratiquent le Semis Direct sous Couvert Permanent de légumineuses pérenne (luzerne, trèfle) dans des rotations avec colza, blé, orge. Il vise à construire des systèmes de cultures basés sur la couverture permanente avec des Indicateurs de Fréquence de Traitements (IFT) herbicide inférieur à 1 sans avoir recours à l’utilisation du glyphosate. La faisabilité technique et les performances économiques des systèmes de cultures seront évaluées. La première phase de ce projet consiste à identifier les leviers existants pour gérer les adventices sous un cou…
Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change
2012
; Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion.Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur fro…
Exploit biodiversity in viticultural systems to reduce pest damage and pesticide use, and increase ecosystem services provision: the Biovine project
2019
International audience; Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms (i.e., pests). The BIOVINE project aims to develop natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticide dependence. The capability of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasive species is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures (including vineyards) do not exploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systems based on increased plant diversity within (e.g., cover crops) and/or around (e.g., hedges, vegetation spots) vineyards by planting selected plant species for the control of arth…
Exploit biodiversity in viticultural systems to reduce pest damage and pesticide use, and increase ecosystem services provision – BIOVINE
2019
International audience; Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms (i. e., pests). The BIOVINE project is developing natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticide dependence. The capability of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasive species is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures (including vineyards) do not exploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systems based on increased plant diversity within (e. g., cover crops) and/or around (e. g., hedges, vegetation spots, edgings) vineyards by planting selected plant species for the contr…
Le réchauffement climatique diminue-t-il le risque de dégâts par le gel pour les cultures de climat tempéré ?
2014
Does global warming reduce the freezing injury risk to temperate climate crops? Winter crop response to a temperature increase is complex. Recent works point out, for cold climate vegetation, a paradoxical increase in freezing injury in a warming climate. Complementary works are needed to support these results for winter crops in temperate areas. To achieve this goal, five climatic records spanning a fifty years-long period for both daily minimum and maximum temperatures were analyzed with a model predicting frost hardiness and freezing damage for the winter pea crop. The methodological approach was based on three main steps: 1) the climate warming analysis of the 1987/1988 temperature shif…
Mise en évidence du rôle de la diversité dans la dynamique des communautés d'adventices et des interactions adventices/cultures
2020
The main challenge of 21st century agriculture is to provide sufficient food for a growing to identify cropping systems which maintain crop productivity, minimize reliance on synthetic herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, and promote weed diversity. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification, either at the annual scale through the introduction of cover crops, or at the plurennial scale through a diversification of the crop sequence and associated weed management tools, could be a viable means to reach these objectives. More specifically, we hypothesized that cropping system diversification could (i) contain weed abundance and thereby, allow a reduction of herbicide use and an incr…
Effects of biomass, age and functional traits on regrowth of arable weeds after cutting
2008
Conference: 24th German Conference on Weed Biology and Weed ControlLocation: Stuttgart Hohenheim, GERMANYDate: MAR 04-06, 2008; International audience; In sown field margin stripes or pluriannual forage crops, arable weeds are exposed to high competition and regular mowing or hay cutting, to which they may react very differently. A greenhouse experiment permitted to understand some key factors shaping the ability of common arable weeds and forage crops to grow after such cuttings. Even without competition, cutting shoots at 5cm height reduced biomass production of all 10 species studied, but 6 annual broadleaf weeds were much more affected than 2 perennial forage crops (Dactylis, Medicago) …
Développement opérationnel en grandes cultures semées en ligne d’une rampe de pulvérisation grande largeur localisée sur le rang
2019
National audience; Pour réduire l’utilisation des herbicides, une des solutions possibles est de ne traiter que le rang en post-levée et de biner l’inter-rang ensuite. Terres Inovia, en collaboration avec la Coopérative Agricole Lorraine, a mis en place des essais au champ sur colza et tournesol avec la rampe localisée Marechal, dans le but de mettre au point cette technique pour des rampes de grande largeur avec une bonne qualité de pulvérisation sur le rang et un type de guidage adapté à des terres à colza, plus irrégulières que les terres à betterave sur lesquelles la rampe avait été développée. L’objectif est également d’évaluer les efficacités de la technique (satisfaction du désherbag…