Search results for "Cross infection"

Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales

2009

Resumen Las infecciones agudas del tracto gastrointestinal figuran entre las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes. En esta revisión se examinan diversas técnicas para diagnosticar las gastroenteritis que ocasionan bacterias, virus y parásitos. El coprocultivo es el método de elección para el diagnóstico de las infecciones bacterianas intestinales, aunque las infecciones por Clostridium difficile se pueden diagnosticar mediante la detección de las toxinas A y B en las heces y las infecciones por Escherichia coli diarreagénicas se pueden diagnosticar mediante la detección por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de factores de virulencia específicos de los diversos enteropatotipos. Las técn…

Outbreak of multi-resistant Corynebacterium striatum infection in an Italian general intensive care unit.

2007

Can influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers influence the risk of nosocomial influenza-like illness in hospitalized patients?

2013

Background Approximately 20% of healthcare workers are infected with influenza each year, causing nosocomial outbreaks and staff shortages. Despite influenza vaccination of healthcare workers representing the most effective preventive strategy, coverage remains low. Aim To analyse the risk of nosocomial influenza-like illness (NILI) among patients admitted to an acute care hospital in relation to influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers. Methods Data collected over seven consecutive influenza seasons (2005–2012) in an Italian acute care hospital were analysed retrospectively. Three different sources of data were used: hospital discharge records; influenza vaccination coverage…

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing outpatient, inpatient, and severe cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza.

2013

Background. In most seasons, the influenza vaccine is effective in preventing influenza, but it is not clear whether it is equally effective in preventing mild and severe cases. We designed a case-control study to compare the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing outpatient, inpatient, and severe or fatal cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Methods. Hospitalized patients (n = 691) with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the 2010–2011 season recruited in 29 Spanish hospitals were individually matched by age, admission/visit date, and province with an outpatient with laboratory-confirmed influenza and an outpatient control. Severe cases were considered those patients admitt…

Potential association of specific Candida parapsilosis genotypes, bloodstream infections and colonization of health workers' hands.

2014

AbstractFungal nosocomial infections continue to be a serious problem among hospitalized patients, decreasing quality of life and adding millions of euros to healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of fungi associated with the hands of healthcare workers and to genotype Candida parapsilosis isolates in order to understand whether their high clinical prevalence stems from endemic nosocomial genotypes or from the real emergence of epidemiologically-unrelated strains. Approximately 39% (50/129) of healthcare workers were positive for yeasts and among 77 different fungal isolates recovered, C. parapsilosis was the most frequent (44/77; 57%). Twenty-seven diverse geno…

Sequence type 101 (ST101) as the predominant carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae clone in an acute general hospital in Italy.

2012

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms worldwide, responsible for high morbidity and mortality both in hospitals and alternative healthcare settings. Recently, increasing use of carbapenems has promoted the emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-non-susceptible MDR K. pneumoniae strains. All of the CNSKP strains isolated between January 2009 and December 2011 in the General Hospital of Prato (Prato, Italy) were studied. Our findings indicate that, unlike previously reported by other authors from different regions of Italy, K. pneumoniae producing KPC-2 and belonging to ST101 have been established in the area of Prato, Tuscany, It…

High incidence of outbreaks of norovirus GGII.4 in hospitals and nursing homes in Catalonia.

2009

Molecular typing of Agrobacterium species isolates from catheter-related bloodstream infections.

2004

AbstractAgrobacteriumisolates from intravenous catheters of three hospitalized patients were initially identified asA. tumefaciens,but inability to produce 3-ketolactose revealed that two of them wereA. vitis.However, rDNA analysis correlated all of the isolates toA. tumefaciens.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis ascertained the nosocomial transmission of the infection.

Nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in Spain: a multicenter prospective study.

2009

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis among children <2 years of age. METHODS We conducted a prospective active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the pediatric wards of 3 representative hospitals in Valencia (Spain) from October 2006 to March 2007, among children between 1 and 23 months of age with acute diarrhea. Children were followed up for 3 days after discharge. We obtained clinical and demographic information from participants and tested their stool specimens for rotavirus. RESULTS A total of 1576 children were hospitalized at the 3 hospitals and 1300 (82.5%) were followed up as the study cohort. In 69 …

Comparative evaluation of three different genotyping methods for investigation of nosocomial outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in hospitals.

2000

ABSTRACT The increased incidence of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease in two hospitals prompted investigation of possible environmental sources. In the search for an effective DNA-typing technique for use in hospital epidemiology, the performance and convenience of three methods— Sfi I macrorestriction analysis (MRA), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR)—were compared. Twenty-nine outbreak-associated and eight nonassociated strains of Legionella pneumophila with 13 MRA types and subtypes were investigated. These strains comprised isolates from bronchoalveolar lavages, from environmental, patient-related sources, and type strains. All three typing…