Search results for "Cross-Over Studies"
showing 10 items of 212 documents
Transmucosal fentanyl vs intravenous morphine in doses proportional to basal opioid regimen for episodic-breakthrough pain
2007
The use of supplemental doses of opioids is commonly suggested to manage breakthrough pain. A comparative study of intravenous morphine (IV-MO) and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) given in doses proportional to the basal opioid regimen was performed in 25 cancer patients receiving stable opioid doses. For each episode, when it occurred and 15 and 30 min after the treatment, pain intensity and opioid-related symptoms were recorded. Fifty-three couples of breakthrough events, each treated with IV-MO and OTFC, were recorded. In episodes treated with IV-MO, pain intensity decreased from a mean of 6.9 to 3.3 and to 1.7 at T1 and T2, respectively. In episodes treated with OTFC, pain int…
Enhancing effects of acute psychosocial stress on priming of non-declarative memory in healthy young adults.
2011
Social stress affects cognitive processes in general, and memory performance in particular. However, the direction of these effects has not been clearly established, as it depends on several factors. Our aim was to determine the impact of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity to psychosocial stress on short-term non-declarative memory and declarative memory performance. Fifty-two young participants (18 men, 34 women) were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and a control condition in a crossover design. Implicit memory was assessed by a priming test, and explicit memory was assessed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test…
Plasma levels of benperidol, prolactin, and homovanillic acid after intravenous versus two different kinds of oral application of the neuroleptic in …
2009
Plasma levels of prolactin (PRL) and the butyrophenone neuroleptic benperidol (BPD) were closely followed 0 to 48 h after acute application of 6 mg BPD as intravenous injection, orally as liquid, and orally as tablets in 12 schizophrenic patients using a partially randomized cross over design. Drug concentrations showed application specific pharmacokinetic behavior with complete elimination within 48 h. All three applications led to a biphasic PRL response with pronounced initial plasma PRL peaks returning to baseline levels within 48 h. The results suggest that after acute neuroleptic challenge BPD plasma levels as low as 2-3 ng/ml can be sufficient for complete depletion of pituitary PRL …
Effects of subchronic paroxetine administration on night-time endocrinological profiles in healthy male volunteers
2000
Abstract To evaluate the subchronic effects of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on nocturnal endocrinological profiles, eight healthy male volunteers with no personal or family history of a psychiatric or neurological disease were administered paroxetine (30 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind cross-over design. Drugs were given as a single dose at 10:00 h for a period of 4 weeks each. Between days 21 and 28 of each treatment period, sleep EEG was registered for four consecutive nights from 23:00 to 07:00 h. During the last night, hormonal profiles for prolactin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, corticotropin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and melatonin w…
The Effects of an Essential Oil and an Amine Fluoride/Stannous Fluoride Mouthrinse on Supragingival Plaque Regrowth
2008
Background: The side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) have stimulated the search for alternative antiplaque agents such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) and essential oils (EO). The aim of the study was to investigate the plaqueinhibiting effects of two commercially available mouthrinses containing ASF and EO, respectively. Methods: The study was an observer-masked, randomized, 5 · 5 Latin square cross-over design, balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 volunteers in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. A 0.12% CHX rinse and a saline solution served as positive and negative controls, respectively. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, …
High-dose short-term administration of naringin did not alter talinolol pharmacokinetics in humans.
2015
Naringin is considered the major causative ingredient of the inhibition of intestinal drug uptake by grapefruit juice. Moreover, it is contained in highly dosed nutraceuticals available on the market. A controlled, open, randomized, crossover study was performed in 10 healthy volunteers to investigate the effect of high-dose naringin on the bioavailability of talinolol, a substrate of intestinal organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated uptake. Following 6-day supplementation with 3 capsules of 350 mg naringin daily, 100mg talinolol were administered orally with 3 capsules of the same dietary supplement (1050 mg naringin) on the seventh day. This test treatment was compared to …
Visual Performance of Four Simultaneous-Image Multifocal Contact Lenses Under Dim and Glare Conditions
2014
To assess and compare the effects of four simultaneous-image multifocal contact lenses (SIMCLs), and those with distant-vision-only contact lenses on visual performance in early presbyopes, under dim conditions, including the effects of induced glare.In this double-masked crossover study design, 28 presbyopic subjects aged 40 to 46 years were included. All participants were fitted with the four different SIMCLs (Air Optix Aqua Multifocal [AOAM; Alcon], PureVision Multifocal [PM; BauschLomb], Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia [AOP; JohnsonJohnson Vision], and Biofinity Multifocal [BM; CooperVision]) and with monofocal contact lenses (Air Optix Aqua, Alcon). After 1 month of daily contact lens wear…
Changes in accommodative responses with multifocal contact lenses: a pilot study.
2011
Our aim was to evaluate induced changes in pupil and accommodative response for different accommodative stimuli with three different multifocal contact lenses (CLs). Accommodative and pupil responses with three aspheric multifocal CLs of simultaneous focus center near (PureVision Low Add, PureVision High Add and Focus Progressives) for two accommodative stimuli of -2.5 and -4.00 D were recorded in 10 young subjects. Accommodative response, peak velocity, and time constant of accommodation and pupil constriction were assessed. The measurements were evaluated in all the participants with distance-single vision CLs and with the three multifocal CLs. The monocular measurements were performed in…
Rationale for and design of the CREATIVE-AF trial: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of irbesartan on oxida…
2008
Background and objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Recent studies suggest there is an angiotensin II-dependent increase in adhesion molecules and oxidative stress parameters during AF. These alterations appear to contribute to inflammatory and prothrombotic changes in the atrial endocardium (‘endocardial remodelling’), suggesting that patients with increased levels of these factors might be at risk of thromboembolic events. The purpose of the CREATIVE-AF (Impact of Irbesartan on Oxidative Stress and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) trial is to prove the principle concept that blockade of angiotensin II type 1 r…
Acetic acid-guided biopsies after magnifying endoscopy compared with random biopsies in the detection of Barrett's esophagus: a prospective randomize…
2006
Background In contrast to standard video endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy after local acetic acid application enables recognition of mucosal surface architecture. Objective To investigate the diagnostic yield of magnifying endoscopy with acetic acid–targeted biopsies compared to random, 4-quadrant biopsies. Design Prospective randomized trial (ratio 1:1) with crossover design. Setting Two referral hospitals in Germany. Patients Thirty-one patients with Barrett's esophagus or visible columnar-lined lower esophagus. Interventions Patients were randomized to undergo either standard video endoscopy with 4-quadrant biopsies or magnifying endoscopy in conjunction with acetic acid application. All …