Search results for "Cross-section"
showing 10 items of 2665 documents
Characterisation of peripheral bone mineral density in youth at risk of secondary osteoporosis - a preliminary insight.
2020
Objectives: To describe peripheral long bone material and structural differences in youth at risk of secondary osteoporosis across disease-specific profiles. Methods: Upper- and lower limbs of children and adolescents were scanned at 4% distal and 66% mid-shaft sites using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography sub-categorised as (1) increased risk of secondary osteoporosis (neuromuscular disorders; chronic diseases; endocrine diseases; inborn errors of metabolism; iatrogenic conditions), (2) low motor competence and (3) non-affected controls. Results: Children with disease-specific profiles showed a range of bone deficits compared to the control group with these predominantly indicate…
The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Approach Motivational System and Sports Success among Elite Speed Skating Athletes an…
2022
Background: While the association between self-efficacy and sports success has been well established in previous studies, little is known regarding whether the basic approach motivation system contributes to this relationship in athletes. The study examines associations between self-reported temperamental approach disposition, self-efficacy, and predispositions to sports success in athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between August 3 and 30 November 2020. The participants were 156 athletes, aged 16–34 years (M = 21.57, SD = 3.58, 41.67% women), in two groups: 54 elite athletes in speed skating (EASS) and 102 physical education students (PES). The online survey consisted…
Validity of the Pupillographic Sleepiness Test for the diagnosis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents and its relationship to sleepiness…
2021
Objectives: To report validation data for the Pupillographic Sleepiness Test (PST) in children and adolescents, evaluate its applicability for diagnosing excessive daytime sleepiness and its relationship to sleepiness-associated outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy study was performed. Patients underwent three PST at 9 a.m. (T1), 11 a.m. (T2) and 1 p.m. (T3) plus the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) on a single day. Additionally, two neurocognitive tests were performed and three questionnaires about quality of life, sleep-related self-efficacy and behavioural aspects completed. Gender-stratified z-values of the natural logarithm of the Pupillary Unrest Index (z-ln…
Psychological distress and its correlates in older care-dependent persons living at home.
2009
This study examined psychological distress in older people receiving home nursing care. The influence of risk factors and personal resources on their perceived psychological distress was also examined.A linear regression analysis was applied in a cross-sectional sample of 214 patients aged 75 years and older. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The independent variables were sex, education, age, living arrangement, household composition, reported illnesses, Barthel ADL Index, self-rated health, Subjective Health Complaints, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Sense of Coherence and Revised Social Provision Scale.Of the 214 participants, 23 (10.7%) r…
Informed participation in the Valencian Community Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme from a gender perspective.
2018
Abstract Objective: To examine the factors that influence informed participation in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme (CRCSP) from a gender perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional telephone survey directed to men and women invited to participate (2009-2010) in the Valencian Community CRCSP (Spain). Sample size: 785 subjects. Outcome variables: participation in CRCSP and being informed. Bivariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression models (95% confidence interval [95%CI], p <0.05). Results: Being a woman (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.06-2.19), receiving information from a general practitioner (OR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.05-2.55) and being informed (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.08-2.21) …
Physical inactivity and pain in older men and women with hip fracture history
2011
Hip fracture patients often suffer from pain for several months after surgery. This may lead to physical inactivity and subsequent mobility limitation and disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between severe musculoskeletal pain and the level of physical activity in older people with a history of hip fracture. Data were collected from 60- to 85-year-old (n = 78) community-dwelling people, 0.7–7.5 years after hip fracture. Physical activity was assessed with the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS). According to the YPAS summary index distribution, the participants were divided into the physically inactive and physically active groups. Musculoskeletal pain …
Minimal clinically important difference and minimal detectable change of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0…
2020
Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and a minimal detectable change (MDC) of the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 amongst patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: Outpatient Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine clinic. Subjects: A total of 1988 consecutive patients with musculoskeletal pain. Interventions: A distribution-based approach was employed to estimate a minimal clinically important difference, a minimal detectable change, and a minimal detectable percent change (MDC%). Results: The mean age of the patients was 48 years, and 65% were women. The average intensity of pain was 6,3 (2.0) po…
Floor and ceiling effects of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
2019
The aim of this study was to investigate the floor and ceiling effects of 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS). This was a cross-sectional survey study at a university’s physical and rehabilitation medicine outpatient clinic of 1988 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Floor and ceiling effects were calculated as relative frequencies of the lowest or the highest possible scores for each item. The probit plotting method was used to detect the non-normality of distribution of the total score graphically. A significant floor effect of 15–79% was observed in all 12 WHODAS 2.0 items. A substantial floor effect for total score was also detected grap…
Associations of neck and shoulder pain with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time among school-aged children
2020
Abstract Objectives The potential effects of physical activity and sedentary time on children’s increasing neck and shoulder pain are unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations between objectively measured physical activity or sedentary time and neck and shoulder pain in children. Methods Children (n=905; 10–15 years old) filled in an electronic questionnaire during school hours on the frequency of their neck and shoulder pain. Daytime moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time were measured objectively with an ActiGraph accelerometer. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to study the associations. The results were adjusted for ag…
International Physical Activity and Built Environment Study of Adolescents : IPEN Adolescent design, protocol and measures
2021
IntroductionOnly international studies can provide the full variability of built environments and accurately estimate effect sizes of relations between contrasting environments and health-related outcomes. The aims of the International Physical Activity and Environment Study of Adolescents (IPEN Adolescent) are to estimate the strength, shape and generalisability of associations of the community environment (geographic information systems (GIS)-based and self-reported) with physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometer-measured and self-reported) and weight status (normal/overweight/obese).Methods and analysisThe IPEN Adolescent observational, cross-sectional, multicountry study …