Search results for "Cross-section"
showing 10 items of 2665 documents
Changing patterns of hepatitis A virus infection in children in Palermo, Italy.
1990
In 1988 in Palermo, Italy, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in a sample of 490 children 6-13 years old was 10.6%; it increased from 6.3% among children 6-10 years old to 14.7% in children 11-13 years old (P less than 0.01). Compared with findings from a survey conducted in 1978 in the same area, the results of the present study show a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the anti-HAV prevalence in both age groups. Anti-HAV prevalence was inversely related to the father's years of education and positively related to the family size. Children of fathers with less than 6 years of schooling had a 3.2-fold risk (C.I. 95% = 1.3-8.1), and children with five or mo…
Increased Frequency of Migraine in Narcoleptic Patients: A Confirmatory Study
2003
Previously we have reported an increased prevalence of migraine in narcoleptic patients. Because of the theoretical and clinical implications of this finding we recruited an independent new study sample of 100 patients with proven narcolepsy and conducted a structured 26-item interview based on the international diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, the Kiel Headache Questionnaire. Narcolepsy symptoms were measured by means of the Stanford Centre for Narcolepsy Sleep Inventory. Migraine prevalence was twofold to fourfold increased in the narcoleptic patients and amounted to 44.4% in women and 28.3% in men. The onset of narcolepsy symptoms was 12.3 ± 11.4 years before the onset of mig…
Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy in german hospitals – the EpHE study
2017
Abstract Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. The proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis attending German hospitals suffering from HE is unknown. Methods In the first part of the study, data of 14 community hospitals and 5 university hospitals covering the years 2010 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively for the DRG codes of liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. In the second prospective part of the multicenter observational study, all patients with liver cirrhosis attending the departments of gastroenterology of 16 participating community hospitals within a study period of 3 months were included and screened for HE clinically acco…
Association between malocclusion and orofacial myofunctional disorders of pre‐school children in Latvia
2019
Objects Abnormal use of muscles of tongue and lips is called orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the interrelation between occlusal findings and OMD in primary and mixed dentition and to find out the reasons for malocclusions, and the effect modification of these associations by the number of sources that parents used to receive the information on child oral health issues (NSI). Setting and sample population Cross-sectional study was performed in one kindergarten in Latvia (cluster sampling). The study sample comprised 141 children-mothers' pairs of pre-school children aged 4-7 years. Materials and methods Children' myofunctional situation, occlus…
Concordancia entre observadores en la detección por palpación de bocio en población escolar de 6 a 14 años
2009
Mª José López García (Maria.J.Lopez-Garcia@uv.es) Fundamento: Estimar la concordancia entre observadores en la detección de bocio por palpación manual en la población escolar. Métodos. Durante un periodo de 5 meses durante el curso escolar 2001/2002 se estudió la presencia de bocio en una muestra representativa de 845 escolares de 6 a 14 años de 18 colegios de una Área de Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana. La exploración fue realizada de forma enmascarada por dos observadores (siempre los mismos). El tamaño tiroideo se estableció en seis grados (OA, OB, I, II, III y IV). Se consideró bocio a partir del grado OB inclusive. La concordancia se valoró en relación a variables como edad, sexo, mas…
The Prevalence of Glaucoma in Young People.
2017
BACKGROUND Earlier information on the prevalence of glaucoma among children in Germany was based solely on estimates. Reported values for congenital glaucoma range from 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 68 000 depending on ethnic origin. The estimate for juvenile glaucoma is 1 in 44 000. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study is a populationbased, prospective, monocentric cohort study with 15 010 participants aged 35 to 74. To determine the history-based prevalence of childhood glaucoma, participants were asked about the diagnosis of glaucoma, any operations for glaucoma that were performed, regular use of drugs for glaucoma, and the age of onset of glaucoma. The affected individuals were classified in four …
Erhöht mütterliche Adipositas das Risiko für kindliche Fehlbildungen?
2008
Aim To investigate the risk of congenital malformations for newborn of obese women (BMI > or = 30) compared with women of average prepregnancy weight. Methods We performed a prospective, population-based case-control study of 20,248 newborn born in the city of Mainz. A total of 1,451 infants (cases) with and 8,088 without congenital malformations (controls) were analysed. The relative risks of associations between obesity and malformations were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of malformations in children of obese mothers is 11.1% and thus approximately 4% higher than those of the total study population. There is a significant odds ra…
Extensive Antibiotic and Antimalarial Prescription Rate among Children with Acute Febrile Diseases in the Lake Victoria Region, Tanzania
2021
Abstract Objectives Acute mosquito-borne febrile diseases pose a threat to children in the Sub-Saharan-Africa with ∼272 000 children dying worldwide from malaria in 2018. Although the awareness for malaria in this area has increased due to improved health education, the apparent decline of actual malaria cases has not affected clinical practice significantly. This study collected clinical and epidemiologic data of children presenting with acute febrile diseases in order delineate their diagnostic and therapeutic management. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at the Sekou Toure Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania. Children between 1 month and 12 years of…
Diarrhoe bei 1337 Kindern der Universitätsklinik Mainz: Bedeutung von Salmonellen und Rotaviren
1993
In Germany, infectious diseases cause little mortality, but they are responsible for a large proportion of morbidity. In order to obtain data about the relevance of infectious diarrhea, the charts of 1337 outpatients, hospitalized for this disorder in the time between 1986-1989 at the Children's Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, were analyzed. Sixty-seven percent of patients were younger than one year. An offending organism could be isolated in 42.1% of patients, with Rotaviruses being the leading cause of diarrhea (415 cases), followed by Salmonella spp. (130 cases). Rotavirus-disease was mainly seen in winter, Salmonella-disease in late summer and in autumn. Severe courses of…
Prevalence of Strabismus and Its Impact on Vision-Related Quality of Life
2020
Purpose This study investigates the prevalence of manifest strabismus and its subtypes in adulthood and analyzes the risk factors and its impact on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL). Design The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, observational cohort study. A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline examination was conducted. Participants Participants aged 35 to 74 years were included (n = 15 010). Methods All participants were examined with a comprehensive ophthalmologic and general examination including the Hirschberg corneal reflex test to detect manifest strabismus. The following risk factors were analyzed: age, sex, socioeconomic status, birth weight, maternal age…