Search results for "Cross-sectional study"
showing 10 items of 861 documents
Health-Related Physical Activity Levels in Spanish Youth and Young Adults
2014
The aim of this study was to analyze the current physical activity (PA) levels in youth and young adults from Granada, Spain, and to assess if they accomplish the recommendations for healthy PA. A sample of 1,832 boys and 1,840 girls was administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results showed that most of the children (72.2%) and adolescents (56.4%) reached the recommended PA levels, whereas only 40% of young adults achieved recommended levels of PA. The most active were students from Primary schools, whereas university students were the least active. Youth of college and university ages were found to be at higher risk for engagement in PA.
Measuring the burden of disease and injury in Spain using disability-adjusted life years: An updated and policy-oriented overview
2011
Summary Objective To provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the burden of disease in Spain for 2008. Implications for public health policies are discussed. Study design Cross-sectional population-based study. Methods Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated at country level using the methodology developed in the Global Burden of Disease study. DALYs were divided into years of life lost and years of life lived with disability. Results were obtained using Spanish mortality data for 2008 and morbidity data estimated previously by the World Health Organization for Euro-A. Results In 2008, DALYs lost due to all diseases and injuries were estimated at 5.1 million. Non-comm…
The evolution of educational inequalities in smoking: a changing relationship and a cross-over effect among German birth cohorts of 1921-70
2006
Aims To investigate the evolution of the relationship between education and smoking behaviour (ever-smoking and age of initiation) among German birth cohorts of 1921–70. Participants A total of 5297 respondents to the German Federal Health Survey of 1998 were divided into 10-year sex–birth–education cohorts. Measurements Self-reported smoking histories (ever-smoking and the age of starting smoking). Findings There was an inversion of the educational gradient around the birth cohorts of 1931–40 for men and 1941–50 for women. For men, the educational cross-over in smoking was due to a stronger decrease of the ever-smoking prevalence of the highly educated compared to the least educated. …
Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Psychosocial Impact and Coping Styles in a National German Sample
2001
The purpose of this study is to give a detailed survey of the disease-specific and generic quality of life (HRQOL) of adult patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Germany.1322 patients suffering from IBD were examined in a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire assessing disease-specific and generic quality of life, coping, and hopelessness was sent to members of the German Crohn/Colitis association.Compared to the general population, the generic HRQOL in IBD patients is significantly reduced. Active coping has a negative influence on patients' generic physical HRQOL during an active phase (beta = -0.31), while this association is not present in the case of patients in …
Fatigue in relation to perceived health: people with multiple sclerosis compared with people in the general population
2008
Fatigue is not only a complex phenomenon accompanying different illness conditions but is also a common complaint among individuals in the general population. Among individuals diagnosed with the chronic neurological disease multiple sclerosis (MS), one-third describe fatigue as the very first symptom, however it is invisible to others. When adopting an action-theoretic approach to health, fatigue may be considered to influence the individual's goals of life and subjectively perceived health. The aim of this study was to describe perceived fatigue in relation to perceived health among working-aged individuals diagnosed with MS (n = 155), and in a comparative group of individuals randomly se…
Fluoride - an adjunctive therapeutic agent for periodontal disease? Evidence from a cross-sectional study
2008
Objective: To assess the influence of the water fluoride level on periodontal status, by determining the periodontal health status of subjects residing in low, optimum and high fluoride areas. Study design: A cross sectional survey was carried out on 967 adults aged 35-44 years old, from the Udaipur district of India. A stratified cluster random sampling technique was implemented in order to collect a representative sample from low (3ppm) areas, based on the fluoride concentration in drinking water. Periodontal status was assessed in accordance to WHO criteria. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of wat…
Attitude and knowledge of pain management among Italian nurses in hospital settings
2015
Pain is multidimensional, and, as such, the chief reason patients seek urgent healthcare services. If inadequately assessed and untreated, pain may negatively impact on the quality of life of the patient. Treating pain is an important step in regaining control over quality of life. The objective of the present study is to examine the level of knowledge and types of approach among Italian nurses who deal with pain assessment and management. The Ferrell and McCaffery's Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) was distributed to 286 nurses employed in one of the biggest specialized hospitals in Rome, Italy. The interviewed staff work at three different settings, according to the h…
A survey of oral surgeons tobacco-use-related knowledge and intervention behaviors
2012
Objectives: To evaluate whether oral surgeons are aware of tobacco’s role in oral health. Moreover, we wanted to know professionals’ attitudes towards smoker patients and physicians’ involvement in detecting and eradicating this habit in patients. Study Design: We conducted a survey to determine the awareness of the members of the Spanish Society of Oral Surgery about tobacco’s damage on oral health and the role of dentists in the prevention and elimination of the smoking habit. Results: 450 surveys were distributed during the Seventh National Congress of the Spanish Society of Oral Surgery, of which 224 (49.8%) were answered. Seventy-six point eight percent of oral surgeons said that they …
Trends in adherence to the Mediterranean diet in South Italy: A cross sectional study
2019
Background and aims: Increasing literature data show that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is undergoing profound changes in recent years, albeit with marked differences across nations. In Italy, one of the cradles of the Mediterranean diet, the literature regarding the trend for Mediterranean diet adherence is conflicting. Thus, we aimed to explore the trends of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a large cohort of participants living in South Italy, over 20 years from 1985–86 to 2005–06. Methods and results: Cross-sectional study with two evaluations, one made in 1985–86 and another in 2005–06; all participants were adults aged 30–70 years of age. The adherence to the Mediterranean …
The epidemiology of Varicella Zoster Virus infection in Italy
2008
Abstract Background The epidemiological importance of varicella and zoster and the availability of an efficacious and safe vaccine have led to an important international debate regarding the suitability of mass vaccination. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology of varicella and zoster in Italy and to determine whether there have been changes with respect to observations provided by an analogous study conducted 8 years ago, in order to define the most appropriate vaccination strategy. Methods A number of data sources were evaluated, a cross-sectional population-based seroprevalence study was conducted on samples collected in 2004, and the results were compared with data…