Search results for "Crystal"

showing 10 items of 22886 documents

Rare‐earth cyclobutadienyl sandwich complexes: Synthesis, structure and dynamic magnetic properties

2018

The potassium cyclobutadienyl [K2{η4‐C4(SiMe3)4}] (1) reacts with MCl3(THF)3.5 (M=Y, Dy) to give the first rare‐earth cyclobutadienyl complexes, that is, the complex anions [M{η4‐C4(SiMe3)4}{η4‐C4(SiMe3)3‐κ‐(CH2SiMe2}]2−, (2M), as their dipotassium salts. The tuck‐in alkyl ligand in 2M is thought to form through deprotonation of the “squarocene” complexes [M{η4‐C4(SiMe3)4}2]− by 1. Complex 2Dy is a single‐molecule magnet, but with prominent quantum tunneling. An anisotropy barrier of 323(22) cm−1 was determined for 2Dy in an applied field of 1 kOe, and magnetic hysteresis loops were observed up to 7 K. nonPeerReviewed

magneettiset ominaisuudetcyclobutadienyl ligandsmagneetitchemistry.chemical_element010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysisDeprotonationAnisotropyta116magnetsAlkylQuantum tunnellingchemistry.chemical_classificationkemiallinen synteesiorganometallics dysprosium010405 organic chemistryLigandOrganic ChemistrykompleksiyhdisteetGeneral Chemistryharvinaiset maametallitMagnetic hysteresis0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographychemistryMagnetDysprosiumsingle-moleculerare-earth elements
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Three-dimensional bimetallic octacyanidometalates $[M^{IV}{(\mu-CN)_{4}Mn^{II}(H_{2}O)_2}_2 \cdot 4H_{2}O]_{n}$ (M=Nb,Mo,W) : synthesis, single-cryst…

2008

Abstract We report the synthesis, the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic structures and the magnetic properties of three new isostructural cyanido-bridged networks: [M IV {(μ-CN) 4 Mn II (H 2 O) 2 } 2 ·4H 2 O] n [M IV  = Nb IV ( 1 ), Mo IV ( 2 ), W IV ( 3 )]. For compound 1 , the magnetic properties reveal a ferrimagnetic phase below 50 K. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 show a paramagnetic behaviour with no magnetic ordering down to 2 K. The only electronic difference between the two kinds of compounds is the presence of two paired electrons on Mo IV ( 2 ) and W IV ( 3 ) (d 2 electronic configuration, S  = 0) with no possible exchange interactions with Mn II ions (d 5 electronic configur…

magnetic exchange interactionMagnetismGeneral Chemical Engineering010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMagnetizationParamagnetismcrystal structuresunpaired electronsstructure cristallineAntiferromagnetismIsostructural010405 organic chemistryChemistrymolecule-based magnetsGeneral Chemistrypont cyanure3. Good health0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographycyanido bridgeUnpaired electronoctacyanométallatesoctacyanidometalatesCurie temperatureinteraction d'échange magnétiqueelectronscélibatairesaimants à précurseurs moléculairesMolecule-based magnets
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New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code

2022

We would like to deeply thank the CERN Knowledge Transfer and Legal Service teams for their essential and extended support. Our appreciation also goes to the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration Board members for their strong commitment.

mallintaminendeuteronComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONSingle event effects (SEE)acceleratorQC1-999Materials Science (miscellaneous)beam-matter interactionBiophysicsGeneral Physics and Astronomysingle event effects (see)hiukkasfysiikkamedical physicshigh energy physicsFLUKAbenchmarkcrystal channelingbismuthsimulointiddc:530High energy physicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryHardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATIONMathematical Physicshiukkassäteilymonte carlo transportflukafacilityPhysicstietokoneohjelmatMonte Carlo transportComputing and Computersddc:Monte Carlo -menetelmätBeam-matter interactionsäteilyfysiikkaCrystal channelingaluminumbeamactivationMedical physicssimulationsParticle Physics - Experimentproton
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6-Amino-2-(pivaloylamino)pyridinium benzoate

2013

In the crystal structure of the title salt, C10H16N3O+·C7H5O2−, the cations and anions are linked to each other via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming infinite chains running along [010]. The crystal structure also features C—H⋯O and π–π stacking inter­actions, which assemble the chains into supra­molecular layers parallel to (100). The π–π stacking inter­actions are observed between the pyridine rings of inversion-related cations with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.867 (2) Å. Financial support from the National Science Centre in Kraków (grant No. NCN204 356840) is gratefully acknowledged. Academy Professor Kari Rissanen (Academy of Finland grant Nos. 122350, 140718, 265328 and 263256) and th…

mean (C–C) = 0.003 A˚StackingSalt (chemistry)Crystal structureT = 123 KBioinformaticsOrganic Paperschemistry.chemical_compoundwR factor = 0.141Pyridinesingle-crystal X-ray study6-Amino-2-(pivaloylamino)pyridinium benzoateGeneral Materials Science6-amino-2-(pivaloyyli)pyridiniumbentsoaattita116chemistry.chemical_classificationyksikideröntgendiffraktiotutkimusCrystallographyHydrogen bond6-amino-2-(pivaloyyli)pyridiinibentsoehappo6-amino-2-(pivaloylamino)pyridineR factor = 0.066General ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsCrystallographydata-to-parameter ratio = 16.9chemistryQD901-999PyridiniumActa Crystallographica Section E-Structure Reports Online
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Generation of programmable 3D optical vortex structures through devil’s vortex-lens arrays

2013

Different spatial distributions of optical vortices have been generated and characterized by implementing arrays of devil's vortex lenses in a reconfigurable spatial light modulator. A simple design procedure assigns the preferred position and topological charge value to each vortex in the structure, tuning the desired angular momentum. Distributions with charges and momenta of the opposite sign have been experimentally demonstrated. The angular velocity exhibited by the phase distribution around the focal plane has been visualized, showing an excellent agreement with the simulations. The practical limits of the method, with interest for applications involving particle transfer and manipula…

media_common.quotation_subjectDiffractive lensesDammann gratingslaw.inventionLiquid-crystal displayDiffractive lensOpticsExcellencelawElectrical and Electronic EngineeringAngular-momentumEngineering (miscellaneous)Diffractive opticsmedia_commonOptical vorticesPhysicsbusiness.industryVorticesQuantum information processingAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsVortexLens (optics)Zone platesFISICA APLICADAbusinessOptical vortexApplied Optics
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Influence of Grain Size, Oxygen Stoichiometry, and Synthesis Conditions on the γ-Fe2O3 Vacancies Ordering and Lattice Parameters

2002

The soft chemistry method has been used to synthesize γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: various synthesis temperature were applied to obtain nanometric powders with crystallite size in the 9–14 nm range. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, surface area measurements, and electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). It is clearly shown that these nanometric powders are very well crystallized as indicated by XRD and IR spectra which present substructural bands attributed to vacancies ordering (P4132). Based on these model materials and in the crystallite size range studied here, cell parameter appears to be not linked to crystallite size. It rat…

medicine.diagnostic_testChemistryCrystal chemistryAnalytical chemistryNanoparticleInfrared spectroscopyCondensed Matter PhysicsGrain sizeSoft chemistryElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsInorganic ChemistryCrystallographySpectrophotometryX-ray crystallographyMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesmedicineCrystallitePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryJournal of Solid State Chemistry
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Non-covalent interactions of N-phenyl-1,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 3-oxide derivatives—a case of intramolecular N-oxide hydrogen bonds

2017

The crystal structures of new N-phenyl-1,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 3-oxide derivatives are reported. The results of X-ray diffraction showed the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between carboxamide nitrogen donors and N-oxide oxygen acceptors. The use of Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules allowed its classification as a strong interaction, with energy about 10 kcal/mol, and of intermediate character between closed shell and shared bonds. Comparison of experimental data and quantum theoretical calculations indicated that a substituent attached to the phenyl ring in the para position influences the strength and geometry of the title hydrogen bonding. Stronger π-elect…

medicine.drug_classLow-barrier hydrogen bondintramolecular hydrogen bondSubstituentCarboxamideN-oxide group010402 general chemistry01 natural scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundComputational chemistrymedicineNon-covalent interactionsHirshfeld surface analysisPhysical and Theoretical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_classification010405 organic chemistryHydrogen bondIntermolecular forceAtoms in moleculesCondensed Matter Physicshydrogen bonding0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographychemistryQTAIMIntramolecular forcesubstituent effectStructural Chemistry
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New hydrogel matrices containing an anti-inflammatory agent. Evaluation of in vitro release and photoprotective activity.

2002

In the present work. the preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on alpha,beta-polyaspartylhydrazide (PAHy) chemically crosslinked with ethyleneglycol diglycidylether (EGDGE) containing Tolmetin sodium salt, are reported. In particular, these samples have been prepared both as water swellable microparticles and as gels at two different crosslinking degrees. The incorporation of Tolmetin sodium salt in PAHy-EGDGE microparticles has been performed after the crosslinking reaction by a soaking procedure or during the formation of the network. The influence of drug loading procedure on Tolmetin release has been evaluated by performing in vitro release study in simulated gastrointesti…

medicine.drug_classPhotochemistrySodiumBiophysicsSynthetic membranechemistry.chemical_elementSalt (chemistry)BioengineeringIn Vitro TechniquesCrystallography X-RayAnti-inflammatoryHydrogel Polyethylene Glycol DimethacrylateBiomaterialsmedicineOrganic chemistryTolmetinchemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyAnti-Inflammatory Agents Non-Steroidalmedicine.diseaseIn vitroHemolysischemistryMechanics of MaterialsSelf-healing hydrogelsCeramics and CompositesTolmetinmedicine.drugBiomaterials
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Dynamic tuning of the director field in liquid crystal shells using block copolymers

2020

When an orientationally ordered system, like a nematic liquid crystal (LC), is confined on a self-closing spherical shell, topological constraints arise with intriguing consequences that depend critically on how the LC is aligned in the shell. We demonstrate reversible dynamic tuning of the alignment, and thereby the topology, of nematic LC shells stabilized by the nonionic amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic F127. Deep in the nematic phase, the director (the average molecule orientation) is tangential to the interface, but upon approaching the temperature TNI of the nematic– isotropic transition, the director realigns to normal. We link this to a delicate interplay between an interfacial …

medicine.medical_specialty: Physics [G04] [Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences]Shell (structure)Topological dynamics02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencessurfactantsSpherical shellTopological defectsTopological defectLiquid crystal shellsLiquid crystalPhase (matter)0103 physical sciencesmedicineQA010306 general physicsTopology (chemistry)Boundary conditionsIsotropy021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter: Physique [G04] [Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre]Chemical physics0210 nano-technologyConfinementPhysical Review Research
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Comparison of biometric measurements using partial coherence interferometry and applanation ultrasound

2003

Abstract Purpose To compare and contrast axial length (AL) measurements assessed by ultrasound biometry and optical biometry. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. Methods Optical biometry and ultrasound biometry were performed in 360 eyes to measure AL. Results In eyes with a clear-appearing crystalline lens, there was a statistically significant median difference in AL measurements between the 2 methods in eyes with a normal or long length. In eyes with cataract, there was a statistically significant median difference in AL measurements in eyes with a normal or short length. In these cases, optical biometry produced larger readings than ultras…

medicine.medical_specialtyBiometryPseudophakiagenetic structuresBiometricsmedia_common.quotation_subjectmedicine.medical_treatmentEye diseaseIntraocular lensDiagnostic Techniques OphthalmologicalEyeCataractlaw.inventionOptical biometrylawOphthalmologyLens CrystallinemedicineHumansContrast (vision)Ultrasonographymedia_commonbusiness.industryUltrasoundReproducibility of Resultsmedicine.diseaseeye diseasesSensory SystemsLens (optics)OphthalmologyInterferometryPartial coherence interferometryOptometrySurgerysense organsbusinessJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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