Search results for "Cycloaddition"

Iminium Catalysis (n → π*)

2016

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Nonplanar exTTF-Based Push–Pull Chromophores by Aryl Substitution

2012

International audience; A new family ofπ-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) donor−acceptorchromophores has been synthesized by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of TCNE with exTTF-substituted alkynes and subsequent cycloreversion. X-ray data and theoretical calculations,performed at the B3LYP/6-31G**level, show that the new chromophores exhibit highlydistorted nonplanar molecular structures with largely twisted 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) units. The electronic and optical properties, investigated by UV/visspectroscopy and electrochemical measurements, are significantly modified when theTCBD acceptor unit is substituted with a donor phenyl group, which increases the twistingof the TCBD unit…

Cycloaddition reactions of 2H-1-benzothietes and 1,3,5,7-tetrathio-s-indacene-2,6-dithiones

2016

Abstract 2H-1-benzothiete (1) and 2H,5H-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bisthiete (3) react in form of their open valence isomers with the trithiocarbonic acid esters 2a–c. The one- or twofold cycloaddition reactions yield 1,3-dithiin rings, in which C-2 is a spiro-C atom, that bears four sulfur groups. The bifunctional reactant 3 gives additionally band-shaped, hardly soluble oligomers.

A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Role of the Copper Metalation of Azomethine Ylides in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.

2018

The copper metalation of azomethine ylides (AYs) in [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions with electron-deficient ethylenes has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level, in order to shed light on the electronic effect of the metalation in the course of the reaction. Analysis of the Conceptual Density Functional Theory reactivity indices indicates that the metalation of AYs markedly enhances the nucleophilicity of these species given the anionic character of the AY framework. These 32CA reactions take place through stepwise mechanisms characterized by the formation of a molecular complex. Both nonmetalated and metalated 32CA reactions …

Understanding the Participation of Fluorinated Azomethine Ylides in Carbenoid-Type [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions with Ynal Systems: A Molecular Ele…

2021

The carbenoid-type (cb-type) 32CA reaction of 1,1-difluoroated azomethine ylide (DFAY) with phenylpropynal has been studied using the molecular electron density theory (MEDT). Electron localization function (ELF) characterizes DFAY as a carbenoid species participating in cb-type 32CA reactions. The supernucleophilic character of DFAY and the strong electrophilic character of the ynal cause this polar 32CA reaction to have an unappreciable barrier; the reaction, which is highly exothermic, presents total chemo- and regioselectivity. ELF topological analysis of the bonding changes along the reaction establishes its non-concerted two-stage one-step mechanism, in which the nucleophilic attack o…

Regioselective Synthesis of Mono- and Dispiropyrazoline Derivatives via 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition with Nitrilimines

2016

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of (E,E)-1,3-bis(arylidene)indan-2-one with diarylnitrilimines, generated in situ via dehydrohalogenation of the corresponding hydrazonoyl chlorides , affords predominantly monospiropyrazolines and as a mixture of diastereoisomers. Also dispiropyrazolines are formed in moderate yields. The structure and stereochemistry of cycloadducts were confirmed by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of and .

Cycloaddition of Strained Cyclic Alkenes and Ortho-Quinones : A Distortion/Interaction Analysis

2020

The chemistry of strained unsaturated cyclic compounds has experienced remarkable growth in recent years via the development of metal–free click reactions. Among these reactions, the cycloaddition of cyclopropenes and their analogues to ortho-quinones has been established as a highly promising click reaction. The present work investigates the mechanism involved in the cycloaddition of strained dienes to ortho-quinones and structural factors that would influence this reaction. For this purpose, we use B97D density functional theory calculations throughout, and for relevant cases, we use spin component–scaled MP2 calculations and single–point domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cl…

Copper(I)-catalysed regioselective synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazoles: A DFT mechanistic study

2017

Abstract Formation of pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazoles by means of Cu(I)-catalysed [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with phenylacetylene, experimentally reported by Katritzky et al. (JOC 2012, 77, 5813), was studied using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Comparison with the uncatalysed 32CA reaction indicates that the Cu(I) catalyst provides new reaction pathways with lower electronic energy barriers in dichloromethane as solvent. The mechanism proposed by Katritzky for the Cu(I) catalysed reaction is compared with that proposed by Sharpless et al. (JACS 127, 2005, 210). The major difference between these two mechanisms lies in the coordination …

Total Synthesis of (±)-Scopolamine: Challenges of the Tropane Ring

2016

Scopolamine was synthesized using 6,7-dehydrotropine as a key intermediate. Rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition chemistry and a modified Robinson–Schopf reaction were each independently evaluated for their utility in constructing the tropane core. Both synthetic approaches gave comparable overall yields.

Versatile behavior of conjugated diynes with zirconocene reactive species

2008

Thermal decomposition of Cp2ZrPh2 in the presence of the buta-1,3-diynes RC≡CC≡CR (R = Ph, SiMe3) can lead to seven- or five-membered metallacycles. In both cases a stable benzo-fused seven-membered zirconacyclocumulene arising from a 2-fold insertion of the triple bonds of the dialkyne in the in situ generated zirconocene benzyne is formed. In the case of Me3SiC≡CC≡CSiMe3 a second minor complex is isolated: a 3-alkynyl-substituted zirconaindene arising from a β monoinsertion of one acetylenic function of the conjugated diyne in the zirconocene benzyne. No stable 2-alkynyl-substituted zirconacycle was isolated. This α monoinsertion complex is an intermediate in the exchange of the metalated…