Search results for "Cytoplasm"

Probing Differential Binding Mechanisms of Phenylalanine-Glycine-Rich Nucleoporins by Single-Molecule FRET

2018

Abstract Phenylalanine-glycine-rich nucleoporins (FG-Nups) are intrinsically disordered proteins, constituting the selective barrier of the nuclear pore complex. They are highly dynamic under physiological conditions and studying their interaction with nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) is key to understanding the molecular mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Distinct conformational features of FG-Nups interacting with diverse NTRs can be detected by multiparameter single-molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET), which is a powerful technique for studying the dynamics and interactions of biomolecules in solution. Here we provide a detailed protocol utilizing smFRET to reveal dif…

Myelin changes in Alexander disease

2018

Introduction: Alexander disease (AxD) is a type of leukodystrophy. Its pathological basis, along with myelin loss, is the appearance of Rosenthal bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes. Mutations in the gene coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been identified as a genetic basis for AxD. However, the mechanism by which these variants produce the disease is not understood. Development: The most widespread hypothesis is that AxD develops when a gain-of-function mutation causes an increase in GFAP. However, this mechanism does not explain myelin loss, given that experimental models in which GFAP expression is normal or mutated do not exhibit myelin disorders. …

Cytoplasmic body myopathy revisited.

2018

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis and cerebral venous thrombosis in myeloperoxidase-ANCA associated vasculitis

2019

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a circumscribed inflammatory process that thickens meninges with fibrous adhesions. Among the causes of HP, vasculitis and autoimmune disease should be considered; myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antinuclear cytoplasmatic antibodies (ANCA)-positivity can be the only

Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution, Placental Mitochondrial DNA Content, and Birth Weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) Birth Cohorts

2016

The research leading to these results was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-PI041436, FIS-PI081151, FIS-PI042018, and FIS-PI09/02311), the European Union (EU) (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/01007, 11/02591, CP11/00178, FIS-PI06/0867, and FIS-PS09/00090), the Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT (1999SGR 00241), the Obre Social Cajastur, the Universidad de Oviedo, the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093 and 2009111069),…

Physical mechanisms of micro- and nanodomain formation in multicomponent lipid membranes.

2016

This article summarizes a variety of physical mechanisms proposed in the literature, which can generate micro- and nanodomains in multicomponent lipid bilayers and biomembranes. It mainly focusses on lipid-driven mechanisms that do not involve direct protein-protein interactions. Specifically, it considers (i) equilibrium mechanisms based on lipid-lipid phase separation such as critical cluster formation close to critical points, and multiple domain formation in curved geometries, (ii) equilibrium mechanisms that stabilize two-dimensional microemulsions, such as the effect of linactants and the effect of curvature-composition coupling in bilayers and monolayers, and (iii) non-equilibrium me…

Ultrafast structural changes within a photosynthetic reaction centre

2021

Nature <London> / Physical science 589, 310 - 314 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3000-7

Embryo morphokinetics analysis and reproductive outcomes with assisted oocyte activation by a calcium ionophore after prior fertilization failure. A …

2020

Abstract Background Fertilization failure or low fertilization rate after ICSI is around 1–3% in IVF treatments. Several strategies have been studied in order to bypass the lack of activation. The aim of this study is to evaluate embryo morphokinetics and reproductive outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with assisted oocyte activation (AOA) using a calcium ionophore (CaI) in patients with previous fertilization failure or low fertilization rate (under 30%) and severe male factor. Methods Multicentric retrospective cohort study including 70 patients with fertilization failure or low fertilization rate and severe male factor (sperm concentration under 1 million/mL) who unde…

BAX inhibitor-1 is a Ca(2+) channel critically important for immune cell function and survival.

2015

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the major intracellular Ca(2+) store and has a role in the synthesis and folding of proteins. BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is a Ca(2+) leak channel also implicated in the response against protein misfolding, thereby connecting the Ca(2+) store and protein-folding functions of the ER. We found that BI-1-deficient mice suffer from leukopenia and erythrocytosis, have an increased number of splenic marginal zone B cells and higher abundance and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) proteins, correlating with increased cytosolic and ER Ca(2+) levels. When put into culture, purifie…

Beyond the Transport Function of Import Receptors: What’s All the FUS about?

2018

Nuclear import receptors are central players in transporting protein cargoes into the nucleus. Moving beyond this role, four newly published articles describe a function in regulating supramolecular assemblies by fine-tuning the phase separating properties of RNA-binding proteins, which has implications for a variety of devastating neurodegenerative disorders.