Search results for "DAMAGE"
showing 10 items of 1289 documents
Upon oxidative stress, the antiapoptotic Hsp60/procaspase-3 complex persists in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.
2008
Hsp60, a mitochondrial chaperonin highly conserved during evolution, has been found elevated in the cytosol of cancer cells, both in vivo and in vitro, but its role in determining apoptosis during oxidative stress (OS) has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of OS on Hsp60 levels and its interactions with procaspase- 3 (p-C3) and p53 in tumor cells. NCI-H292 (mucoepidermoid carcinoma) cells were exposed to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined by Trypan blue and MTT assays. DNA damage was assessed by the Comet assay, and apoptosis was measured by the AnnexinV cytofluorimetric test. Expos…
Highly protective alkalinization by ammonia vapor diffusion in viscosimetric DNA damage assessment.
1988
A method for the measurement of viscosities correlated to DNA alterations in alkaline homogenate suspensions is described. The alkaline pH shift to afford cell lysis, DNA unfolding, and denaturation is attained by gaseous ammonia diffusion, thus avoiding shear stress from mechanical mixing. At the same time a stabilizing density gradient is established. This solution is run through a plastic measuring tube that is wide enough to minimize the influence of uneven swelling of the lysing DNA-containing components. Flow times under a carefully controlled water head are registered, and their ratios to control solutions are evaluated. The relative viscosities show a strong and irreversible depende…
Neuroprotection elicited by P2Y13 receptors against genotoxic stress by inducing DUSP2 expression and MAPK signaling recovery.
2014
AbstractNucleotides activating P2Y13 receptors display neuroprotective actions against different apoptotic stimuli in cerebellar granule neurons. In the present study, P2Y13 neuroprotection was analyzed in conditions of genotoxic stress. Exposure to cisplatin and UV radiation induced caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death, and p38 MAPK signaling de-regulation. Pre-treatment with P2Y13 nucleotide agonist, 2methyl-thio-ADP (2MeSADP), restored granule neuron survival and prevented p38 long-lasting activation induced by cytotoxic treatments. Microarray gene expression analysis in 2MeSADP-stimulated cells revealed over-representation of genes related to protein phosphatase activity. Among them…
Mevalonate pathway inhibitors affect anticancer drug-induced cell death and DNA damage response of human sarcoma cells
2011
Lovastatin (Lov), bisphosphonates (BP) and metformin (Met) are widely used drugs, having in common that they interfere with the mevalonate pathway (MP). The MP generates isoprene moieties required for the function of regulatory GTPases controlling cell proliferation and survival. Here, we addressed the question whether MP inhibitors interfere with the anti-tumor efficacy of anticancer drugs. We comparatively analyzed the effect of equitoxic doses of Lov, BP and Met on cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and DNA damage response (DDR) of human osteo- and fibrosarcoma cells exposed to doxorubicin or cisplatin. We found that Lov, BP and Met modulated the anticancer drug sensitivit…
Inducible Responses and Protective Functions of Mammalian Cells Upon Exposure to UV Light and Ionizing Radiation
1999
In mammalian cells, ultraviolet (UV) light as well as ionizing radiation (IR) transcriptionally activate the early-responsive genes c-fos, c jun,junB and junD. The induction of fos and jun by UV-C is currently understood to occur via activation of the EGF receptor and the Ras, Raf, ERK and JNK cascade leading ultimately to phosphorylation of transcription factors such as Fos and Jun (AP-1). This, finally, gives rise to transcriptional activation of AP-1 dependent target genes. Another gene we have recently demonstrated to be immediate-early inducible upon UV-irradiation encodes the Ras-related small GTPase RhoB. The pathway of rhoB induction appears to be different from fos/jun because (i) …
Evaluation of the Role of Candida albicans Agglutinin-Like Sequence (Als) Proteins in Human Oral Epithelial Cell Interactions
2012
The fungus C. albicans uses adhesins to interact with human epithelial surfaces in the processes of colonization and pathogenesis. The C. albicans ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family encodes eight large cell-surface glycoproteins (Als1-Als7 and Als9) that have adhesive function. This study utilized C. albicans Δals mutant strains to investigate the role of the Als family in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, cytokine induction and activation of a MAPK-based (MKP1/c-Fos) signaling pathway that discriminates between yeast and hyphae. Of the eight Δals mutants tested, only the Δals3 strain showed significant reductions in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, and cytokine pro…
TLR4 elimination prevents synaptic and myelin alterations and long-term cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent mice with intermittent ethanol treatment.
2015
The adolescent brain undergoes important dynamic and plastic cell changes, including overproduction of axons and synapses, followed by rapid pruning along with ongoing axon myelination. These developmental changes make the adolescent brain particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic and behavioral effects of alcohol. Although the mechanisms of these effects are largely unknown, we demonstrated that ethanol by activating innate immune receptors toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in adult mice. The present study aims to evaluate whether intermittent ethanol treatment in adolescence promotes TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory processes, leading to myelin and synapti…
Sterigmatocystin-induced DNA damage triggers cell-cycle arrest via MAPK in human neuroblastoma cells
2021
Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a common mycotoxin found in food and feed. Many studies showed that STE is genotoxic. However, up to now, the potential genotoxicity of STE on human neuronal system remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of STE on DNA damage and cell-cycle progression on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to various concentrations of STE (0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 µM) for 24 h. The results indicated that STE exposure induced DNA damage, as evidenced by DNA comet tails formation and increased γH2AX foci. Additionally, genotoxicity was confirmed by micronuclei (MN) analysis. Furthermore, we found that STE exposure led to cell-cycle arrest at the S and the G2/M phase.…
"Ute i naturen lever jeg!" : pasienters opplevelser med natur i spesialisert nevrologisk rehabilitering
2013
Masteroppgave i helsefag ME 518 Universitetet i Agder 2013 Background: A holistic approach dominates when it comes to rehabilitation. The patient’s priorities and involvement are crucial to the quality of life, the ability for the patient to succeed and his or her feel of coherence. Research indicates that outdoor activities can have positive effects on physical, psychological sociable and spiritual levels. However, more research is needed regarding what specific designs of treatment are being carried out and how the different groups of patients respond to these. Purpose and thesis: This paper will try to establish an insight into how patients with neurological diseases perceive outdoor tre…
Assessment of a possible genotoxic environmental risk in sheep bred on grounds with strongly elevated contents of mercury, arsenic and antimony.
1996
A part of Northern Palatinate country (Germany) was formerly influenced by mercury mining. Today, in many cases agricultural and housing areas are placed onto or near to former dump grounds of rubble. In the soil of these areas the concentration of mercury, arsenic and antimony was found ranging from basic natural contents up to strongly elevated levels. In a biomonitoring project, sheep bred on grounds contaminated with mercury (range 1-435 mg Hg/kg dry matter), arsenic (range 17-147 mg As/kg dry matter) and antimony (range 2-15 mg Sb/kg dry matter) were taken as example on the uptake of these elements from the environment and for possible effects of this exposure. Significantly elevated m…