Search results for "DECLINE"
showing 10 items of 261 documents
Nutrition, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors in the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia
2021
Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensive…
Physical activity and dementia : Long-term follow-up study of adult twins
2015
Introduction. Physical activity is associated with a decreased occurrence of dementia. In twins, we investigated the effect of persistent physical activity in adulthood on mortality due to dementia. Materials and methods. Physical activity was queried in 1975 and 1981 from the members of the older Finnish Twin Cohort (n = 2 1,791), who were aged 24-60 years at the end of 1981. The subjects were divided into three categories according to the persistence of their vigorous physical activity. Dementia deaths were followed up to the end of 2011. Results. During the 29-year follow-up, 353 subjects died of dementia. In individual-based analyses the age-and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.65 (…
Vitamin D deficiency predicts cognitive decline in older men and women: The Pro.V.A. Study
2014
Objective: To test the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline over a 4.4-year follow-up in a large sample of older adults. Methods: This research was part of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.), an Italian populationbased cohort study of 1,927 elderly subjects. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured at the baseline. Global cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); scores lower than 24 were indicative of cognitive dysfunction, and a decline of 3 or more points on the MMSE over the follow-up was considered as clinically significant. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, includin…
Midlife Physical Activity and Cognition Later in Life : A Prospective Twin Study
2016
Background: Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline but the nature of this association remains obscure. Objective: To study associations between midlife physical activity and cognition in old age for a prospective cohort of Finnish twins. Methods: Physical activity in the Finnish Twin Cohort was assessed using questionnaire responses collected in 1975 and 1981. After a mean follow-up of 25.1 years, the subjects' (n = 3050; mean age 74.2; range 66-97) cognition was evaluated with a validated telephone interview. Both participation in vigorous physical activity, and the volume of physical activity, divided into quintiles, were used as predictors of cogni…
Visual memory in Alzheimer patients: effects of practice, retention interval and severity of cognitive decline.
1995
The study was aimed at estimating the effect size of practice, retention interval and dementia severity on free recall performance in Alzheimer patients. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type. Different picture sets were presented on 4 days. The forgetting curves on different days were compared using ANOVA for repeated measurements. Practice had a minor, but significant negative effect on recall performance explaining 1% of the variance in recall performance. The retention interval varied between zero and 24 h explaining 23% of the total variance. Dementia severity explained 52% of the variance. For the development of memory improvement strategies in Alzheimer patie…
The Effect of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Late-Life Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review
2020
Objectives: Although some results are conflicting, numerous investigations have demonstrated that the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has positive effects on brain health. This review intends to provide an update on the scientific evidence regarding the effects of adherence to the MedDiet on late-life cognitive disorders. Design: A systematic review was performed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the databases’ inceptions and May 4, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed; the quality of the studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for the RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Sc…
Dietary Strategies and Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
2019
Abstract Cognitive decline and dementia are increasing and will continue to do so in parallel with aging of the world population. Because effective pharmaceutical treatments for age-related cognitive decline are lacking, alternative strategies comprising dietary approaches have been proposed. Several dietary components and supplements have been studied regarding their association with cognitive decline. Dietary patterns combine foods and nutrients that may act synergistically and may provide stronger benefit than those conferred by individual dietary components. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with decreased cognitive decline and incident Alzheimer’…
Centenarian offspring: A model for understanding longevity
2013
Abstract: A main objective of current medical research is to improve the life quality of elderly people as priority of the continuous increase of ageing population. This phenomenon implies several medical, economic and social problems because of dramatic increase in number of non autonomous individuals affected by various pathologies. Accordingly, the research interest is focused on understanding the biological mechanisms involved in determining the positive ageing phenotype, i.e. the centenarian phenotype. In achieving this goal the choice of an appropriate study models is fundamental. Centenarians have been used as an optimal model for successful ageing. However, this model shows several …
Progression in healthy ageing: frailty, cognitive decline and gender in the European Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing
2015
ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Lifespan is getting longer at a global level. More people, therefore, live past 65 years of age. Ageing favors frailty, a condition that makes the body more susceptible to diseases. We present updated information of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA), and particularly, the Cognitive Decline (CD) group in Action Group 3 (A3), focused in the prevention of frailty and functional decline. Moreover, details of one of the commitments in CD, which deals with the specificities of women in frailty and ageing (Chronic Ailment Reduction after Menopause, CARMEN), will be presented as well. Objectives of EIPAHA are to increas…
Is It Time to Begin a Public Campaign Concerning Frailty and Pre-frailty? A Review Article
2017
Frailty is a state that encompasses losses in physical, psychological or social domains. Therefore, frail people demonstrate a reduced potential to manage external stressors and to respond to life incidents. Consequently, such persons are prone to various adverse consequences such as falls, cognitive decline, infections, hospitalisation, disability, institutionalisation and death. Pre-frailty is a condition predisposing and usually preceding the frailty state. Early detection of frailty (i.e., pre-frailty) may present an opportunity to introduce effective management to improve outcomes. Exercise training appears to be the basis of such management in addition to periodic monitoring of food i…