Search results for "DECLINE"
showing 10 items of 261 documents
The Decline of Political Party Elite
2019
In this article, the author presents a claim that, in parallel to the end of mass parties, it is possible to observe the progressing decline of elites within political parties. This phenomenon manifests itself on the following three levels: 1) a theoretical level—less and less attention is paid to elites in the theory of political parties as their place is being taken over by other approaches, in particular leadership theory; 2) a terminological level—the notion of elites is being removed from analyses devoted to political parties and supplanted by other terms such us “leaders.” They are sometimes considered as the synonyms of the word “elite”; 3) a factual level—there are strong reasons to…
Thinking about industry decline : A qualitative meta-analysis and future research directions
2018
We analyze historical and longitudinal research focusing on industry decline. Our analysis suggests that the literature’s general reliance on a few meta-theoretical arguments has important consequences for how decline is framed and explained. We identify four meta-theoretical clusters in the literature: politics and market dynamics are seen as exogenous factors with deterministic features, whereas technology and management capabilities are framed as firm-internal failures with causally questionable explanations of how firm-level characteristics explain industry-level decline. We propose that it is important to understand the limitations of distinct meta-theoretical arguments for an enhanced…
Serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated and inversely correlated with cognitive functions in subjective cognitive decline: results from the ReGAl 2.0 …
2020
Background: Alkaline phosphatase has been found on neuronal membranes and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increases during brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases, suggesting that its levels may reflect the neuronal loss. It is known that ALP is higher in subjects affected by Alzheimer’s dementia and inversely correlated with cognitive functions. No study has investigated the relationship between ALP and cognitive functions in old-age subject with pre-clinical cognitive impairment. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data gathered from the ReGAl 2.0 project (Rete Geriatrica Alzheimer-Geriatric Network on Alzheimer’s disease), a large Italian multicentric clinical-base…
Somatosensory mismatch response in young and elderly adults
2014
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and alterations in early perceptual processes. Studies in the auditory and visual sensory modalities have shown that the mismatch negativity [or the mismatch response (MMR)], an event-related potential (ERP) elicited by a deviant stimulus in a background of homogenous events, diminishes with aging and cognitive decline. However, the effects of aging on the somatosensory MMR (sMMR) are not known. In the current study, we recorded ERPs to electrical pulses to different fingers of the left hand in a passive oddball experiment in young (22–36 years) and elderly (66– 95 years) adults engaged in a visual task. The MMR was found to deviants as compared to…
Magnesium and Alzheimer’s Disease
2015
Environmental factors, including nutrition and metal elements, are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several in vitro and in vivo data indicate a role for magnesium (Mg) in many biological and clinical aspects of AD. Mg deficiency, aside from having a negative impact on the energy production pathways required by the mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate, also affects many biochemical mechanisms vital for neuronal properties and synaptic plasticity, including the response of N-methyl- d -aspartate receptors to excitatory amino acids, stability, and viscosity of the cell membrane. Mg also has an action as a mild calcium antagonist, and as an antioxidant …
The clinical implications of cognitive impairment and allostatic load in bipolar disorder.
2011
AbstractBackgroundAllostatic load (AL) relates to the neural and bodily “wear and tear” that emerge in the context of chronic stress. This paper aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive overview of the role of AL in patophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and its practical implications.MethodsPubMed searches were conducted on English-language articles published from 1970 to June 2011 using the search terms allostatic load, oxidative stress, staging, and bipolar disorder cross-referenced with cognitive impairment, comorbidity, mediators, prevention.ResultsProgressive neural and physical dysfunction consequent to mood episodes in BD can be construed as a cumulative state of AL. The con…
J14 Mediterranean Diet And Nutritional Composition Of Patients With Huntington's Disease. Spanish Multicenter Study Of The European Group For Hunting…
2014
Background The impact of a diet is well known in human health. Intake of food groups (fruits and ‘uts, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, whole grains, fish and wine) in the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) and high MeDi adherence have been associated with lower incidence of chronic diseases and slower cognitive decline, but the relationship between MeDi adherence and nutritional composition has not been reported. Objectives To describe MeDi and nutritional composition in patients with HD. Methods Spanish multicenter, cross-sectional study (EHDN). To assess MeDi we used a 3-days dietary record. Food groups, macro and micronutrients and energy intake information were obtained using the sof…
Detecting impaired language processing in patients with mild cognitive impairment using around‐the‐ear cEEgrid electrodes
2021
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the term used to identify those individuals with subjective and objective cognitive decline but with preserved activities of daily living and an absence of dementia. Although MCI can impact functioning in different cognitive domains, most notably episodic memory, relatively little is known about the comprehension of language in MCI. In this study, we used around-the-ear electrodes (cEEGrids) to identify impairments during language comprehension in patients with MCI. In a group of 23 patients with MCI and 23 age-matched controls, language comprehension was tested in a two-word phrase paradigm. We examined the oscillatory changes following word onset as a fu…
Effects of Square-Stepping Exercise inducing activation of the brain's cognitive function in community-dwelling older Japanese females -Focu…
2015
Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the degree of improvement in cognitive function achieved with an exercise intervention in community-dwelling older Japanese women is affected by the participant's baseline cognitive function and age. Methods Eighty-eight women (mean age: 70.5±4.2 years) participated in a prevention program for long-term care. They completed the Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) program once a week, 120 minutes/session, for 11 weeks. We assessed participants' cognitive function using 5 cognitive tests (5-Cog) before and after the intervention. We defined cognitive function as the 5-Cog total score and defined the change in cognitive function as the 5-cog …
Role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the management of osteoporotic hip fracture in the elderly: an overview
2013
Purpose: To highlight the advantages of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) over usual care in the management of elderly patients with fragility hip fractures in terms of reducing the related mortality and disability. Method: An overview of publications on the topic was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Results: Several models of geriatric and orthopedic comanagement have been developed in recent years, all characterized by a variable degree of integration, and they have been shown to reduce complications, disability and mortality in elderly hip-fracture patients. Preoperatively, CGA should identify the comorbidities that need to be treated in view of surgery, so as to …