Search results for "DEMAND"
showing 10 items of 759 documents
An Example: Money
1995
The institution of money, like that of language, or that of the State, has often been seen to be based on some kind of contractual agreement. Aristotle describes the nature of money as follows: Money has become by convention a sort of representative of demand; and that is why it has the name ‘money’ (nomisma) because it exists not by nature but by law (nomos) and it is in our power to change it and make it useless. (Ethica Nicomachea, V.5.II33a) The word nomos is ambiguous: in another translation of Ethica it has been translated as “custom”. This ambiguity reflects a theoretical problem in the classical social theory: money has been seen either as a result of an act of will of the legislato…
Money and the natural rate of interest: structural estimates for the United States and the Euro area
2008
We examine the role of money, allowing for three competing environments: the New Keynesian model with separable utility and static money demand; a non-separable utility variant with habit formation; and a version with adjustment costs for holding real balances. The last two variants imply forward-looking behavior of real money balances, as it is optimal for agents to allow their forecast of future interest rates to affect current portfolio decisions. We distinguish between these specifications by conducting a structural econometric analysis for the U.S. and the euro area. FIML estimates confirm the forward-looking character of money demand. Using these estimates we find that, in response to…
Effects of COVID19 pandemic on the Italian power system and possible countermeasures
2021
Abstract The paper analyses the dramatic effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian power system, considering the impacts on load and generation, market issues and ancillary services provision. During the period between March and May 2020, the Italian scenario was considered as exemplary due to the large reduction of loads and thermal generation caused by the hard lockdown across the Country. Italy has experienced the most severe effects of pandemic in terms of increase of death rates and of pressure on the health system as well as severity of the countermeasures. As a domino effect, the total lockdown of one of the most industrialized countries in the world has creat…
Reduced weather data for building climatization and application to 29 European locations
1995
Abstract A method for setting up a reference year of reduced temperature data, proposed by Klein and Erbs, has been applied by us to 29 European locations for which an official test-reference year is available. This reference year of reduced temperatures may be utilized in computer programs for analysis of the thermal behaviour of buildings. The effectiveness of the method has been tested by calculating the annual energy demand in 29 European locations for three modules with different thermophysical characteristics.
The Role of re-design for Additive Manufacturing on the Process Environmental Performance
2018
Abstract At present, economic and technological design criteria for products and processes should be matched with the minimization of environmental impact objectives. Manufacturing, material production, and product design are strictly connected stages. The choice of a production system over another could result in significant material and energy/resource savings, particularly if the component has been properly designed for manufacturing. In this scenario, Additive Manufacturing, which has been identified as a potential disruptive technology, gained an increasing interest for the creation of complex metal parts. The paper focuses on the tools, based on the holistic modelling of additive and …
Lactate and glucose as energy substrates and their role in traumatic brain injury and therapy
2009
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but no new pharmacological treatments are clinically available. A key pathophysiological development in the understanding of traumatic brain injury is the energy crisis derived from decreased cerebral blood flow, increased energy demand and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although still controversial, new findings suggest that brain cells try to cope in these conditions by metabolizing lactate as an energy substrate ‘on-demand’ in lieu of glucose. Experimental and clinical data suggest that lactate, at least when exogenously administered, is transported from astrocytes to neurons for neuronal utilization, essential…
Hidden energy and environmental loads of solar thermal collectors: A case study.
2001
The general aim of this work was to investigate a solar thermal collector and the energetic and environmental impacts related to this renewable technology. It was realised an eco-profile of an exemplary equipment, calculating the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and the Cumulative Emissions related to the production and use of a collector and the energy (or emissions) saved employing the renewable technology.
Desalination in small islands: the case study of Lampedusa (Italy)
2018
Desalination represents a common solution to overcome the water scarcity in small island. A case study is presented, considering the island of Lampedusa, located at south of Sicily (Italy). As many small islands in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Lampedusa presents a small standalone electrical grid, entrusted to old diesel engines. For more, the renewable energy sources are extremely underdeveloped in this territory. Lampedusa is regularly affected by water scarcity, so freshwater is produced by desalination plant and sometimes transported by boat from Sicily. As sustainable solution, the paper firstly analyses the energy demand for desalination and then proposes the installation of a…
Electricity demand response schemes in China: Pilot study and future outlook
2021
Abstract Electricity demand response (DR) improves the overall energy management efficiency and allows for the integration of large-scale renewable energy into the power grid through interactive management and control of the supply and demand sides. However, in China and other emerging countries (e.g., Japan and Australia) with DR programs, the DR market mechanism is not well-established. This is particularly the situation in countries where the state power system is not freely open to participate in the DR market. Previous research has proven that considerable DR resources are largely existing in the demand side; however, the dearth of a market mechanism hinders the development of DR. Henc…
Enfermería y adicciones: las nuevas tendencias
2004
El Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias y Adicciones de Málaga, tradicionalmente le ha encomendado a enfermería la recepción, análisis y gestión de la demanda que acude al Centro.En el último año estamos observando un aumento importante en la demanda por problemas derivados del consumo de cocaína, tanto en su forma de clorhidrato (esnifada) como en la forma de base libre (fumada).Hemos comparado los rasgos de personalidad, extraídos del cuestionario autoaplicado para "La Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para los Trastornos de Personalidad del Eje II del DSM-IV" (SCID II), de las personas que pedían ayuda por problemas derivados del consumo de sustancias, con los rasgos de personalidad de u…