Search results for "DIET"
showing 10 items of 4602 documents
Health gains through loss frames: Testing the effectiveness of message framing on citizens' use of nutritional warnings.
2021
Abstract The aim of the present work was twofold: (i) to evaluate the effect of nutritional warnings and health-related packaging cues (nutrient claim and images of natural foods) on consumers' food choices, and (ii) to evaluate the influence of two types of messages (gain-framed and loss-framed) aimed at encouraging the use of such warnings and packaging cues on food choices. A total of 510 participants were recruited using an advertisement on Facebook and Instagram targeted at Uruguayan adult users. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups: control (n = 167), loss-framed messages (n = 177) and gain-framed messages (n = 166). Then, they completed a choice-co…
Sterols in human milk during lactation: bioaccessibility and estimated intakes.
2018
Human milk (HM) is the exclusive food during the first 4–6 months of an infant's life. Breastfeeding has been related to significant health benefits for infants, and hence it is of interest to study the bioactive compounds present in HM, such as sterols (cholesterol being the most abundant). The aim of this study was to determine the contents of sterols (cholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) in 10 pools of colostrum, transitional milk, and 1, 3 and 6 month HM obtained from Spanish volunteers from two different geographical areas (coastal and central) and to estimate the intake and bioaccessibility (BA) of sterols in order to ascertain…
The Effects of Different High-Protein Low-Carbohydrates Proprietary Foods on Blood Sugar in Healthy Subjects.
2016
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects on blood sugar concentrations through the calculation of the glycemic score (GS) of 10 different high-protein low-carbohydrates (CHOs) proprietary foods that are commonly used as meals during very low-CHO ketogenic diets or during low-CHO diets. Fourteen healthy females were tested for their glycemic response curve elicited by 1000 kJ of glucose three times within a 3-week period (one test each week) compared with one of 10 test foods once on separate days twice a week. After determining the GS of each food in each individual, the mean GS of each test food was calculated. All test foods, compared with glucose, produced a significantly lower g…
Seven-day fasting as a multimodal complex intervention for adults with type 1 diabetes: Feasibility, benefit and safety in a controlled pilot study.
2020
Abstract Objectives Intermittent as well as prolonged fasting are receiving considerable attention and appear favorable in conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and rheumatic diseases. Fasting for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally considered too risky. However, the ability and possibility to change from carbohydrate- to ketone-based fuel supply might be relevant for individuals with T1D. The aim of this patient-led research was to investigate the feasibility, benefit, and safety of a 7-d multimodal fasting intervention in individuals with T1D. Methods This was a non-randomized controlled pilot study, with 20 participants with T1D and 10 without the diseas…
Cholesterol Content in Human Milk during Lactation: A Comparative Study of Enzymatic and Chromatographic Methods.
2018
This study validates a gas chromatography (GC) method for determining the sterol profile of human milk (HM) and compares it with an enzymatic-spectrophotometric (E-S) method. Good linearity ( r > 0.97) and low limits of detection and quantification were obtained with the GC method (<1.8 and <6 μg/100 g of HM, respectively). Suitable intra- and interassay precisions (all <18%) and satisfactory recovery percentages (80-109%) were obtained for both methods. In addition, both methodologies were used to assess cholesterol evolution in HM during lactation, showing a 50% decrease at 6 months versus colostrum. The E-S method overestimated cholesterol content by <20% versus the GC method. The result…
Serum Lycopene Concentrations and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Maternal-Infant Dyads.
2018
Oxidative stress has been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and many carotenoids, including lycopene, potentially have antioxidant properties. The objective of this analysis was to explore the associations between serum lycopene concentrations, including lycopene isomers, and maternal-newborn outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 180 mother-infant pairs. Serum of total lycopene as well as the cis- and trans-isomers concentrations were measured using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Descriptive statistics were calculated; Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord concentrations. The relationship between lycop…
Are the Motives for Food Choices Different in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia?
2019
Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between orthorexia, food-choice motives, gender, body mass index, and age. The motives predictin…
Measuring Orthorexia Nervosa: Psychometric Limitations of the ORTO-15.
2017
AbstractOrthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, causing significant nutritional deficiencies and social and personal impairments. The ORTO-15 is the most widely used instrument to evaluate orthorexia nervosa, although previous studies obtained inconsistent results about its psychometric properties, and there are no data on the Spanish version. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the ORTO-15. In order to cross-validate the results, two independent samples were used (Sample 1: n = 807, 74.1% women; Sample 2: n = 242, 63.2% women). The results did not support t…
The Carnism Inventory: Measuring the ideology of eating animals.
2016
Beliefs surrounding the practice of eating animals are widely held, and have been argued to constitute an ideology named carnism (Joy, 2009). We developed and validated the novel Carnism Inventory to measure two positively related components of carnistic beliefs: carnistic defense and carnistic domination. We anticipated that carnistic defense would legitimate the practice of eating animals, while carnistic domination would support the killing of animals for their meat. The Carnism Inventory showed the hypothesized two-dimensional structure as well as good internal consistencies and stability (N = 302, Study 1). We also demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the Carnism In…
Coffee consumption and total mortality in a Mediterranean prospective cohort
2018
Background The relation of coffee consumption with total mortality is controversial, because the available evidence is still inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to assess this association in a highly educated, middle-aged Mediterranean cohort. Design We analyzed data from 201,055 person-years of follow-up arising from 19,888 participants. Coffee consumption was obtained at baseline with the use of a previously validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Information on mortality was ascertained by permanent contact with the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) participants and their families, postal authorities, and consultation of the National Death Index. We used Co…