Search results for "DIFFERENTIATION"

Streptomyces coelicolor: DNA methylation and differentiation

2014

DNA cytosine methylation is an epigenetic modification regulating many biological processes in eukaryotes, including chromatin organization, genome maintenance and gene expression. The role of DNA cytosine methylation in prokaryotes has not been deeply investigated. In Escherichia coli it was recently demonstrated that cytosine methylation regulates gene expression during stationary phase [1] and that an induced state of cytosine hypermethylation leads to chromosomal DNA cleavage and cell death [2]. Streptomyces coelicolor is a mycelial soil microorganism, which exhibits a complex life cycle that includes three different cell types: unigenomic spores, a compartmentalized mycelium (MI) and a…

Streptomyces coelicolor: DNA methylation and differentiation - Palermo 27-06-2014

2014

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification regulating many aspects of biological processes. DNA cytosine methylation plays mainly a regulatory role in chromatin organization, genome maintenance and gene expression in eukaryotes, while its role has not been deeply investigated in prokaryotes. Differently, DNA adenine methylation regulates chromosome replication, DNA repair, transposition of insertion elements in prokaryotes, while it is supposed to have exclusively a role in regulating gene expression and DNA replication in mitochondria. Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that exhibits a complex life cycle, with three different cell types (unigenomic spores…

Developmental control of the heat-shock stress regulon in Streptomyces coelicolor

1995

In the differentiating eubacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, nutritional imbalances activate a developmental programme which involves the heat-shock stress regulon. In liquid batch cultures, the growth curve could be separated into four components: rapid growth 1 (RG1), transition (T), rapid growth 2 (RG2) and stationary (S). Patterns of gene expression in cultures subjected to heat shock in various phases were recorded on two-dimensional gels and analysed using advanced statistical methods. The responses of all heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were highly dependent upon the growth phase, thus demonstrating that the four phases of growth were physiologically distinct. For many HSPs, the levels of …

Myosin VIIa, harmonin and cadherin 23, three Usher I gene products that cooperate to shape the sensory hair cell bundle

2002

Deaf-blindness in three distinct genetic forms of Usher type I syndrome (USH1) is caused by defects in myosin VIIa, harmonin and cadherin 23. Despite being critical for hearing, the functions of these proteins in the inner ear remain elusive. Here we show that harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein, and cadherin 23 are both present in the growing stereocilia and that they bind to each other. Moreover, we demonstrate that harmonin b is an F-actin-bundling protein, which is thus likely to anchor cadherin 23 to the stereocilia microfilaments, thereby identifying a novel anchorage mode of the cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, harmonin b interacts directly with myosin VIIa, and i…

Brain erythropoietin fine-tunes a counterbalance between neurodifferentiation and microglia in the adult hippocampus

2021

In adult cornu ammonis hippocampi, erythropoietin (EPO) expression drives the differentiation of new neurons,independent of DNA synthesis, and increases dendritic spine density. This substantial brain hardwareupgrade is part of a regulatory circle: during motor-cognitive challenge, neurons experience ‘‘functional’’hypoxia, triggering neuronal EPO production, which in turn promotes improved performance. Here, weshow an unexpected involvement of resident microglia. During EPO upregulation and stimulated neurodifferentiation,either by functional or inspiratory hypoxia, microglia numbers decrease. Treating mice with recombinanthuman (rh)EPO or exposure to hypoxia recapitulates these changes and…

The contribution of geographical certification programs to farm income and rural economies: The case of Pecorino Siciliano PDO

2021

This study attempts to measure the capacity of the EU geographical certification scheme to positively influence the price of certified products and the incomes of their producers. A comparison of the economic results of two cheese-producing dairy farm enterprises with different business strategies and locations within the Sicilian hinterlands is performed in order to determine the transformation value of each dairy’s sheep milk into pecorino cheese (with and without the Protected Designation of Origin, or PDO, certification) and the related joint products (ricotta). The economic convenience of the total transformation of sheep milk into Pecorino Siciliano PDO and ricotta is also appraised. …

ON THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS FOR FRACTAL SETS

2015

The aim of this paper is to formulate the best version of the Fundamental theorem of Calculus for real functions on a fractal subset of the real line. In order to do that an integral of Henstock–Kurzweil type is introduced.

Slaves in Roman Society

2011

An introduction to Cheeger's differentiation theory

2015

Quality and Innovation in the Organic Agro-Food Sector: Threats and Opportunities of Social and Managerial Innovation

2018

This study seeks to understand how innovation in the organic agro-food sector has evolved, studying the main challenges facing the sector as a consequence of its growth. Through the study and analysis of literature we reflect on the threats and opportunities facing the sector. We also used two expert panels to help us cross-reference and complete the information available from previous studies. The organic agro-food sector was born as a social and radical innovation based on specific values ​​and principles, which include respect for nature and sustainability, ecology, no pollution, equity and a close relationship with consumers. In this chapter, we explain how regulations and the interplay…