Search results for "DISCIPLINE"
showing 10 items of 2858 documents
Automatic processing of rare versus novel auditory stimuli reveal different mechanisms of auditory change detection
2012
Automatic detection of rare stimuli or changes in an auditory stimulation can distract ongoing task processing by attracting attention away from task relevant information. Typically, the effectiveness of auditory change detection is tested by rare and unpredictable deviations (compared with an otherwise regular auditory presentation) or by rare environmental sounds. The present study demonstrates that both types of stimuli are capable of triggering automatic orientation of attention and that rare environmental sounds are more effective than deviations in distraction of attention. This finding suggests different mechanisms underlying the detection of auditory change. Moreover, novelty as con…
Neuromuscular fatigue differs with biofeedback type when performing a submaximal contraction
2007
The aim of the study was to examine alterations in contractile and neural processes in response to an isometric fatiguing contraction performed with EMG feedback (constant-EMG task) when exerting 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque with the knee extensor muscles. A task with a torque feedback (constant-torque task) set at a similar intensity served as a reference task. Thirteen men (26+/-5 yr) attended two experimental sessions that were randomized across days. Endurance time was greater for the constant-EMG task compared with the constant-torque task (230+/-156 s vs. 101+/-32s, P0.01). Average EMG activity for the knee extensor muscles increased from 33.5+/-4.5% to 54.7+/-21.…
Quantifying training intensity distribution in a group of Norwegian professional soccer players.
2011
Purpose:This study was designed to quantify the daily distribution of training intensity in a group of professional soccer players in Norway based on three different methods of training intensity quantification.Methods:Fifteen male athletes (age, 24 ± 5 y) performed treadmill test to exhaustion to determine heart rate and VO2 corresponding to ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal heart rate. VT1 and VT2 were used to delineate three intensity zones based on heart rate. During a 4 wk period in the preseason (N = 15), and two separate weeks late in the season (N = 11), all endurance and on-ball training sessions (preseason: N = 378, season: N= 78) w…
From heart-rate data to training quantification: a comparison of 3 methods of training-intensity analysis.
2014
Purpose:The authors directly compared 3 frequently used methods of heart-rate-based training-intensity-distribution (TID) quantification in a large sample of training sessions performed by elite endurance athletes.Methods:Twenty-nine elite cross-country skiers (16 male, 13 female; 25 ± 4 y; 70 ± 11 kg; 76 ± 7 mL · min−1 · kg−1 VO2max) conducted 570 training sessions during a ~14-d altitude-training camp. Three analysis methods were used: time in zone (TIZ), session goal (SG), and a hybrid session-goal/time-in-zone (SG/TIZ) approach. The proportion of training in zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3 was quantified using total training time or frequency of sessions, and simple conversion factors across…
Lateralized effect of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex on mood.
1996
We studied the effects of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of different scalp positions on mood Ten normal volunteers rated themselves before and after rTMS on five analog scales labeled ``Tristeza99 (Sadness), ``Ansiedad99 (Anxiety), ``Alegria99 (Happiness), ``Cansancio99 (Tiredness), and ``Dolor/Malestar99 (Pain/Discomfort). rTMS was applied to the right lateral prefrontal, left prefrontal, or midline frontal cortex in trains of 5 seconds9 duration at 10 Hz and 110% of the subject9s motor threshold intensity. Each stimulation position received 10 trains separated by a 25-second pause. No clinically apparent mood changes were evoked by rTMS to any of the scalp positions …
Cognitive functioning and anhedonia in subjects at risk for schizophrenia
1993
This study investigated the performance of individuals with familiar loading of schizophrenia (healthy siblings of schizophrenic inpatients) on three neuropsychological tasks assumed to require frontal lobe functions: Trail Making Test (TMT), verbal fluency and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Healthy siblings of schizophrenics differed in performance from healthy controls not only on the WCST, but also on the Trail Making Test and the verbal fluency task. Furthermore, scores of physical anhedonia, assessed in a self-report rating scale (Chapman et al., 1976) were also significantly higher in the high risk group than in the control sample. However, healthy siblings of schizophrenics did …
Interest of targeting either cortical area Brodmann 9 or 46 in rTMS treatment for depression: a preliminary randomized study.
2013
Abstract Objective To assess the interest of specifically targeting Brodmann Areas (BA) 9 or 46 for rTMS treatment of depression. Methods Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either rTMS on BA 9 or on BA 46. Each patient underwent 10 sessions of 1Hz-rTMS for 2weeks. The Hamilton and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scales (HDRS, MADRS) were used under blind conditions to assess the therapeutic response (50% improvement). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the depression rating scales scores obtained before and after the 10 rTMS sessions for each of the two groups. The therapeutic results in the two groups were…
Clinical evaluation of a wireless ECG sensor system for arrhythmia diagnostic purposes
2013
Accepted version of an article in the journal: Medical Engineering and Physics. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.03.002 In a clinical study, a novel wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder has been evaluated with regard to its ability to perform arrhythmia diagnostics. As the ECG recorder will detect a "non-standard" ECG signal, it has been necessary to compare those signals to "standard" ECG recording signals in order to evaluate the arrhythmia detection ability of the new system. Simultaneous recording of ECG signals from both the new wireless ECG recorder and a conventional Holter recorder was compared by two independent cardiology specia…
Upper and lower face apraxia: role of the right hemisphere.
2000
The aim of this study was to evaluate face apraxia in left- and right-hemisphere-damaged patients both in the acute and chronic stage of their disease. Two newly devised tests that assess movements of the upper and lower face districts were employed. On the whole, the proportion of left-hemisphere-damaged patients showing face apraxia were 46 and 68% for upper and lower face, respectively. A substantial proportion of right-hemisphere-damaged patients also showed face apraxia, i.e. 44% upper face and 38% lower face. Concomitant variables such as general severity, locus of lesion, language or visuo-spatial impairments, presence of neglect, interval from stroke, peculiarity of clusters of item…
Behavioral and event-related potential distraction effects with regularly occurring auditory deviants
2007
When auditory stimulation contains infrequent task-irrelevant changes (deviants), behavioral responses to task-relevant aspects of the stimulation are prolonged. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) show that deviants elicit mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and reorienting negativity (RON). Here, we examine whether distraction effects can also be elicited within fixed auditory sequences with deviant probabilities of 0.25, 0.33, and 0.5. Deviants varied either in pitch, loudness, or sound source location. In all conditions MMN and P3a were elicited, suggesting that an automatic detection of and an attentional allocation to the change occurred. With relative frequencies of 25% and 33%, devian…