Search results for "DISORDERS"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
Pensiero e difese nei disturbi bipolari. Studio clinico e psicopatologico su bipolari I e bipolari II. Thinking organization and defense mechanisms i…
2013
Obiettivi. Scopo del presente studio è esplorare il funzionamento psichico dei soggetti con disturbo bipolare I e II attraverso l’analisi e il confronto degli stili di pensiero e dei pattern difensivi. Metodi. Nel corso di un intero anno solare (2009-2010), presso la clinica Psichiatrica del Policlinico Universitario di Palermo sono stati reclutati 29 pazienti con disturbo bipolare I e II. È stato somministrato il seguente protocollo: Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale-R (WAIS-R) per valutare il funzionamento cognitivo generale; Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) per misurare i pattern difensivi. Sono stati quindi ana- lizzati e confrontati i risultati ai due reattivi. Risultati. I soggetti c…
Epistemologia metodologica e prassi operativa. Benefici e applicazioni nei contesti comunitari residenziali
2019
Alcune ricerche sostengono che l’animale, nella sua diversità sia morfologica che comportamentale, solleciti nel bambino la formazione e lo sviluppo dell’immaginario, attraverso l’offerta di più modelli per i suoi processi elaborativi e il rafforzamento della sua fantasia ( Piccino, 2014). L’animale svolge un ruolo formativo importante nello sviluppo mentale dei bambini, inoltre interagire con la diversità di cui l’animale è costituito o il semplice riferirsi alla diversità dell’animale, aiuterebbe il bambino a trasformare la differenza in curiosità e tolleranza. Attraverso specifiche attività che implicano una relazione positiva, gli interventi assistiti con gli animali possono veicolare l…
Oxytocin Signaling as a Target to Block Social Defeat-Induced Increases in Drug Abuse Reward
2021
There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual’s vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature rega…
Illicit drugs consumption evaluation by wastewater-based epidemiology in the urban area of Palermo city (Italy)
2017
Introduction. A wastewater-based epidemiology approach was performed to estimate the drug consumption in Palermo city, the fifth largest city of Italy with a population of 671 696 inhabitants, and to investigate the monthly variability of drug loads in wastewater from different areas of the city. A seven-months detection campaign was conducted at the two wastewater treatment plants of the city. Methods. Following a pre-treatment, 32 samples of wastewater were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results. We estimated a mean cocaine use in Palermo of 0.19 g/day/1000 people, corresponding to 1.90 doses/1000 people and cannabinoids use of 2.85 g/day/1000 people, correspo…
Lukivaikeuden taustalla takkuja aivoyhteyksissä
2018
Joillekin lukemaan oppiminen voi olla vaikeaa, vaikka lapsi olisi muuten kyvykäs. Tällöin puhutaan perinnöllisestä lukivaikeudesta eli dysleksiasta. Dysleksia ilmenee yleensä myöhemmin lukemisen hitautena ja kirjoitusvirheinä. Dysleksian aivoperustaa on tutkittu jo pitkään ja perinnöllisen lukivaikeusriskin omaavien vauvojen aivovasteiden on huomattu olevan poikkeavia. Mutta miten riskivauvojen aivovasteet ovat yhteydessä myöhempään lukivaikeuteen? nonPeerReviewed
Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders.
2019
Objective: This review discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicide. It summarizes epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional and long-term prospective studies and considers possible etiological mechanisms. Methods: Systematic reviews and methodologically robust studies in the field (from inception to February 2019) were identified using a comprehensive search of Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase and summarized using a narrative synthesis. Results: Consistent evidence, both from observational and experimental studies, has confirmed the important role of cannabis use in the initiation and persistence of psychoti…
Longitudinal and situational associations between math anxiety and performance among early adolescents
2022
Studies have found math anxiety and achievement to be related from the beginning of formal schooling, but the knowledge regarding the direction of the relationship is vague. The purpose of the present study was to study this relationship. We investigated math anxiety from two points of view: trait and state anxiety. In the first substudy, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between math anxiety and performance from sixth to seventh grade (n = 848) with cross-lagged modeling. In the second substudy, we investigated the situational relationship of anxiety and performance by giving the participants (n = 149) challenging and nonchallenging math tasks adapted to their skill level, and …
Dysfunction of the mesolimbic circuit to food odors in women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A fMRI study
2019
Brain reward dysfunction in eating disorders has been widely reported. However, whether the neural correlates of hedonic and motivational experiences related to food cues are differentially affected in anorexia nervosa of restrictive type (ANr), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy control (HC) participants remains unknown. Here, 39 women (14 ANr, 13 BN, and 12 HC) underwent fMRI while smelling food or non-food odors in hunger and satiety states during liking and wanting tasks. ANr and BN patients reported less desire to eat odor-cued food and odor-cued high energy-density food (EDF), respectively. ANr patients exhibited lower ventral tegmental area (VTA) activation than BN patients to food od…
Le funzioni metacognitive nei pazienti con disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Uno studio sul trattamento psicodinamico di gruppo
2009
Individual vulnerability to stress is associated with increased demand for intravenous heroin self-administration in rats
2019
AbstractOpioid use is a widespread epidemic, and traumatic stress exposure is a critical risk factor in opioid use and relapse. There is a significant gap in our understanding of how stress contributes to heroin use, and there are limited studies investigating individual differences underlying stress reactivity and subsequent stress-induced heroin self-administration. We hypothesized that greater individual vulnerability to stress would predict higher demand for heroin self-administration in a within-subjects rodent model of stress and heroin use comorbidity. Male rats were exposed to inescapable intermittent swim stress and individual biological (corticosterone) or behavioral (open field, …