Search results for "DISORDERS"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
Metabolic Aspects of Migraine: Association With Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
2021
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder, characterized by moderate to severe unilateral headaches, nausea, photophobia, and/or phonophobia, with a higher prevalence in women than in men, which can drastically affect the quality of life of migraine patients. In addition, this chronic disorder is related with metabolic comorbidities associated with the patient's lifestyle, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Beyond the personal and socioeconomic impact caused by migraine, obesity and DM, it has been suggested that these metabolic disorders seem to be related to migraine since: (i) they are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disorders or chronic diseases; (ii) they ca…
Innovation in Neurosurgery: The Concept of Cognitive Mapping
2019
In recent years, advances in cortical-subcortical mapping, intraoperative neurophysiology, and neuropsychology have increased the ability to remove intrinsic brain tumors, expanding indications and maximizing the extent of resection. This has provided a significant improvement in progression-free survival, time of malignant transformation (in low-grade gliomas), and overall survival. Although current techniques enable preservation of language and motor functions during surgery, the maintenance of a complex set of functions defined with the term cognition is not always achievable. Cognition is defined as every neural process underlying a high human function and includes motor haptic and visu…
α-secretase mediated conversion of the amyloid precursor protein derived membrane stub C99 to C83 limits Aβ generation
2009
The Swedish mutation within the amyloid precursor protein (APP) causes early-onset Alzheimer's disease due to increased cleavage of APP by BACE1. While beta-secretase shedding of Swedish APP (APPswe) largely results from an activity localized in the late secretory pathway, cleavage of wild-type APP occurs mainly in endocytic compartments. However, we show that liberation of Abeta from APPswe is still dependent on functional internalization from the cell surface. Inspite the unchanged overall beta-secretase cleaved soluble APP released from APP(swe) secretion, mutations of the APPswe internalization motif strongly reduced C99 levels and substantially decreased Abeta secretion. We point out t…
Influence of Attitudes towards Change and Self-directness on Dropout in Eating Disorders: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
2012
Objective This study examined dropout-related factors at the Outpatient Eating Disorders Treatment Programme. Method One hundred ninety-six eating disorders patients following DSM-IV diagnostic criteria that consecutively commenced treatment were recruited and followed up for a 2-year period. A total of 151 patients completed the whole assessment with a set of questionnaires evaluating eating and general psychopathology. The Attitudes towards Change in Eating Disorders questionnaire was used, and personality was evaluated using the Temperament and Character Inventory. During the follow-up period, patients were re-assessed. Two years later, 102 patients continued on treatment. Results Scores…
A hidden type of internet addiction? Intense and addictive use of social networking sites in adolescents
2016
Internet Gaming Disorder has been included as a preliminary diagnosis in DSM-5. The question remains, if there are additional internet activities related to addictive use. Especially, use of social networking sites has been discussed to be related to excessive use, but only few empirical studies are available. We wanted to explore, if use of social networking sites is related to addiction symptoms and psychosocial distress and which variables (demography, personality) predict addictive use. A representative sample of n?=?9173 adolescents (12-19 years) was enrolled. Self-report questionnaires assessed demography, frequency of social networking sites use, internet addiction, personality, and …
Pharmacological treatments for opiate and alcohol addiction: A historical perspective of the last 50 years.
2018
Addiction pharmacotherapy aims to prevent drug abstinence symptoms, reduce drug craving and relapse, and normalize physiologic functions disrupted by chronic use of the drug. During the last 50 years, there has been an enormous revolution in pharmacotherapy for drug addiction. From abstinence as practically the only treatment option available, there are now multiple drugs on the market that have proved their efficacy in treating opiate and alcohol disorders. The present review will focus on the pharmacological treatments of the drugs whose consumption most affects individuals and society: alcohol and opiates. We will review the drugs most widely prescribed to prevent relapse and maintain ab…
Therapies in early development for the treatment of opiate addiction.
2015
Opiate drugs are psychoactive substances used to manage severe pain. However, their chronic use is associated with the development of addiction. Opiate addiction represents a significant public health concern.This review focuses on the most recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of opiate addiction, from those being tested in clinical trials (Phase I and II), to preclinical studies that point to new targets. Readers will gain knowledge of the wide variety of treatments used to treat opiate addiction, including their strengths and weaknesses, and the promising pharmacological targets identified by preclinical research.Among the currently available agonist therapies, new dosage form…
The Spanish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R): Reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and sensitivity to treatment e…
2013
Abstract This study examines the psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) in Spanish and Argentinean samples. 90 OCD patients, 31 with non-OCD anxiety disorders and 84 non-clinical individuals completed the Spanish version of the OCI-R along with other OCD, depression, anxiety, and OCD-related cognition measures. The OCI-R showed significant associations with both OCD severity and other OCD symptom measures, beyond the relationships with depression, anxiety, and worry. The questionnaire also differentiated OCD from other anxiety disorders, except on the ordering and hoarding subscales. The relationships between the OCI-R subscales and dysfunctional belie…
Short-term Psychological Interventions for Bordeline Personality Disorder–What Works?
2017
IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disabling personality disorder associated with difficulties in controlling emotions and impulses, self-injury, feelings of emptiness and abandonment. It is associated with problems in many areas of life, most notably relationships. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for people with borderline personality disorder widely used; however, the evidence is not thoroughly investigated. In addition, several specific short-term interventions have been developed during the last decades.ObjectivesWe are currently updating this cochrane collaboration review on psychological interventions for BPD. First findings on the up-to-date e…
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of personality disorders.
2007
These practical guidelines for the biological treatment of personality disorders in primary care settings were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). They embody the results of a systematic review of all available clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the biological treatment of three specific personality disorders, namely borderline, schizotypal and anxious/avoidant personality disorder in addition to some general recommendations for the whole field. The guidelines cover disease definition, classification, epidemiology, course and current knowledge on biological underpinnings, and provide a detailed overview …