Search results for "DISTRACTION"
showing 10 items of 111 documents
Meaningful Work Protects Teachers’ Self-Rated Health under Stressors
2020
A sense of meaningfulness is one of the most sought?after work characteristics which has been associated with employees’ well-being. This study explored whether meaningful work enhances self-rated health in challenging work context, under the stressors of distractions, unnecessary tasks, and unreasonable tasks. Data was collected from Finnish teachers (N = 1,658) and structural equation modelling was employed with the latent interaction terms. Results showed that meaningful work was associated with better self-rated health and the stressors were associated with poorer self-rated health. Protective potential of meaningful work against stressors was also discovered, as meaningful work mitigat…
The Impact of Single-Level ACDF on Neural Foramen and Disc Height of Surgical and Adjacent Cervical Segments: A Case-Series Radiological Analysis
2023
Background: ACDF has become one of the established procedures for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cervical spondylosis, showing excellent clinical results and effective improvements in neural functions and neck pain relief. The main purpose of ACDF is neural decompression, and it is considered by some authors as an indirect result of the intervertebral distraction and cage insertion and the consequent restoration of the disc space and foramen height. Methods: Radiological data from 28 patients who underwent single-level ACDF were retrospectively collected and evaluated. For neural foramen evaluation, antero-posterior (A-P) and cranio-caudal (C-C) diameters were manually calculated; fo…
Data from: Deceiving predators: linking distraction behavior with nest survival in a ground-nesting bird
2016
Individual behavior that minimizes predation risk is favored by natural selection. Ground-nesting birds employ different defensive behaviors as part of their antipredator strategies because they nest where a wide range of predators have access. We investigated the influence of distraction displays on breeding success in the Kentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus, in order to explore the role of the defensive behavior on nest survival. We quantified the intensity of defensive behavior of adult plovers in response to nest disturbance caused by an approaching researcher, by ranking display types according to the intensity and exposure to predation. We also examined sex differences in nest def…
Two studies investigating the value of DJing for contemporary music education
2014
This research investigated the importance of cognitive skills learned through DJing and perspectives on the potential value of DJing for music education through two studies. The first was a qualitative investigation into contemporary perspectives on the potential value of DJing for music education. Participants were asked three questions in order to establish their perceptions concerning the cultural relevance of DJing regarding the skills that might be learned through DJing and how DJing might be incorporated into formal music education curriculums. Perspectives emerged that showed a majority of participants believed that DJs learn valuable musical skills, DJing had equal relevance with ot…
T9+HUD: Physical Keypad and HUD can Improve Driving Performance while Typing and Driving
2016
We introduce T9+HUD, a text entry method designed to decrease visual distraction while driving and typing. T9+HUD combines a physical 3x4 keypad on the steering wheel with a head-up-display (HUD) for projecting output on the windshield. Previous work suggests this may be a visually less demanding way to type while driving than the popular case which requires shifts of visual attention away from the road. We present a prototype design and report first results from a controlled evaluation in a driving simulator. While driving, the T9+HUD text entry rate was equal compared to a dashboard-mounted touchscreen device, but it reduced lane deviations by 70%. Furthermore, there was no significant di…
Measuring Distraction at the Levels of Tactical and Strategic Control: The Limits of Capacity-Based Measures for Revealing Unsafe Visual Sampling Mod…
2011
The control theory of driving suggests that driver distraction can be analyzed as a breakdown of control at three levels. Common approach for analyzing distraction experimentally is to utilize capacity-based measures to assess distraction at the level of operational control. Three driving simulation experiments with 61 participants were organized to evaluate which kind of measures could be used to analyze drivers' tactical visual sampling models and the related effects of distraction while searching textual information on in-car display. The effects of two different text types were evaluated. The utilized capacity-based measures seemed to be insufficient for revealing participants' tactical…
Visual-manual in-car tasks decomposed: text entry and kinetic scrolling as the main sources of visual distraction
2013
Distraction effects of in-car tasks with a touch screen based navigation system user interface were studied in a driving simulator experiment with eye tracking. The focus was to examine which particular in-car task components visually distract drivers the most. The results indicate that all of the visual-manual in-car tasks led to increased levels of experienced demands and to lower driving speeds. The most significant finding was that text entry and kinetic scrolling of lists were the main sources of visual distraction whereas simple selection tasks with familiar target locations led to least severe distraction effects.
Designing browsing for in-car music player
2012
User interface features of a touch based mobile music player and their comparative impact on driver distraction when searching music albums were investigated. In a driving simulator experiment (N=18) three scrolling methods buttons, swipe and kinetic were compared, whereat the number of music tracks presented in a list-style format varied between three, five and seven items per page. Half of the participants used the music player in a portrait mode and half of them in a landscape mode. It was expected that swipe supports less severe distraction effects than kinetic or button due to systematic page-by-page scrolling and low levels of pointing accuracy required for browsing. Three items shoul…
Critical Analysis on the NHTSA Acceptance Criteria for In-Vehicle Electronic Devices
2014
We tested a commercial in-car navigation system prototype against the NHTSA criteria for acceptance testing of in-vehicle electronic devices, in order to see what types of in-car tasks fail the acceptance test and why. In addition, we studied the visual demands of the driving scenario recommended by NHTSA for task acceptance testing. In the light of the results, NHTSA guidelines and acceptance criteria need to be further developed. In particular visual demands of the driving scenario and for different simulators need to be standardized in order to enable fair testing and comparable test results. We suggest the visual occlusion method for finding a driving scenario that corresponds better wi…
Visual Distraction Effects of In-Car Text Entry Methods
2017
Three text entry methods were compared in a driving simulator study with 17 participants. Ninety-seven drivers’ occlusion distance (OD) data mapped on the test routes was used as a baseline to evaluate the methods’ visual distraction potential. Only the voice recognition-based text entry tasks passed the set verification criteria. Handwriting tasks were experienced as the most demanding and the voice recognition tasks as the least demanding. An individual in-car glance length preference was found, but against expectations, drivers’ ODs did not correlate with incar glance lengths or visual short-term memory capacity. The handwriting method was further studied with 24 participants with instru…