Search results for "DISTRACTION"
showing 10 items of 111 documents
Distraction as a technique to control pain in pediatric patients during venipuncture. A narrative review of literature
2015
Introduzione: La distrazione è un intervento non farmacologico in grado di ridurre l’intensità del dolore procedurale nei bambini. Tra le procedure maggiormente diffuse, la venipuntura è una di quelle maggiormente applicate in area pediatrica, per scopi diagnostici e terapeutici. L’analgesia durante la venipuntura può essere efficacemente raggiunta con tecniche di distrazione. Obiettivo: descrivere l’efficacia delle tecniche di distrazione attiva e passiva per la riduzione del dolore, nei bambini sottoposti a venipuntura. Metodi: è stata realizzata una revisione della letteratura consultando i database CINHAL, PubMed, ILISI e Cochrane. Sono stati inclusi tutti studi primari e secondari pubb…
Reacción emocional ante la exposición involuntaria a cibersexo en adolescentes: factores moduladores
2019
Los avances realizados durante los últimos años en el ámbito de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han favorecido un uso generalizado de internet. La población adolescente utiliza Internet de forma natural y habitual para comunicarse, entretenerse y realizar tareas escolares. Si bien son múltiples los beneficios derivados del uso de internet, es necesario considerar que no está exento de riesgos como puede ser la exposición involuntaria (EI) a material sexual. Dadas las consecuencias que dicha exposición puede tener (sobre todo en edades tempranas), nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar las principales reacciones a nivel emocional durante la EI a material sexual, explorando posibl…
Distraction osteogenesis in Goldenhar Syndrome: Case report and 8-year follow-up
2007
Goldenhar syndrome is a well-known condition featuring the following triad of anomalies: ocular abnormalities, microtia and vertebral anomalies. This syndrome involves structures arising from the first and second branchial arches. Craniofacial anomalies, including mandibular, zygomatic and/or maxillary hypoplasias are found in 50% of patients with Goldenhar syndrome. Patients with this syndrome may present unilateral or bilateral underdevelopment of the mandible. Several treatments for the correction of the dento-facial deformity have been described, among them distraction osteogenesis is one that shows promising results. Distraction osteogenesis is the process of bone formation that occurs…
Context-sensitive distraction warnings : effects on drivers' visual behavior and acceptance
2016
In this study, we investigated the effects of context-sensitive distraction warnings on drivers' in-car glance behaviors and acceptance. The studied prototype warning application functions on a smart phone. The novelty of the application is its proactive and context-sensitive approach to the adjustment of warning thresholds according to the estimated visual demands of the driving situation ahead. In our study, novice and experienced drivers conducted in-car tasks with a smart phone on a test track with and without the warnings. The application gave a warning if the driver's gaze was recognized to remain on the smart phone over a situation-specific threshold time, or if the driver was approa…
On the Visual Distraction Effects of Audio-Visual Route Guidance
2016
This is the first controlled quantitative analysis on the visual distraction effects of audio-visual route guidance in simulated, but ecologically realistic driving scenarios with dynamic maneuvers and self-controlled speed (N = 24). The audio-visual route guidance system under testing passed the set verification criteria, which was based on drivers’ preferred occlusion distances on the test routes. There were no significant effects of an upcoming maneuver instruction location (up, down) on the in-car display on any metric or on the experienced workload. The drivers’ median occlusion distances correlated significantly with median incar glance distances. There was no correlation between driv…
Visual Distraction Effects between In-Vehicle Tasks with a Smartphone and a Motorcycle Helmet-Mounted Head-Up Display
2018
Besides motorists, also motorcyclists need safer user interfaces to interact with useful applications on the road. In this paper, distraction effects of in-vehicle tasks conducted with a head-up display (HUD) for motorcyclists were compared to smartphone tasks with 24 participants in a driving simulator. Compared to the smartphone tasks, the head-up display tasks decreased the percentage of inappropriately long glances by 45 percent. The head-up display tasks were also experienced as less demanding than the smartphone tasks. Additionally, the use of head-up display for navigation did not lead to gaze concentration effects compared to baseline driving. The head-up display is concluded to be …
Refining distraction potential testing guidelines by considering differences in glancing behavior
2021
Driver distraction is a recognized cause of traffic accidents. Although the well-known guidelines for measuring distraction of secondary in-car tasks were published by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 2013, studies have raised concerns on the accuracy of the method defined in the guidelines, namely criticizing them for basing the diversity of the driver sample on driver age, and for inconsistent between-group results. In fact, it was recently discovered that the NHTSA driving simulator test is susceptible to rather fortuitous results when the participant sample is randomized. This suggests that the results of said test are highly dependent on the s…
Adolescents’ musical relaxation: understanding related affective processing
2017
Music listening promotes adolescents’ well-being and relaxation in daily life. Relaxation is linked to affective self-regulation, but little is known about the specific affective processes of musical relaxation. The current study aimed to elaborate the affective dimension of adolescents’ musical relaxation, through detailed exploration of the related affect regulation goals, strategies, and induction mechanisms. A qualitative study with 55 adolescents (42 girls, 13 boys), aged 15, was conducted. Participants listened to self-selected relaxation music for 20 min, once in a laboratory and once at home, and provided written descriptions of their experience. A total of 110 episode descriptions …
The Attentional Demand of Automobile Driving Revisited: Occlusion Distance as a Function of Task- Relevant Event Density in Realistic Driving Scenari…
2016
Objective: We studied the utility of occlusion distance as a function of task-relevant event density in realistic traffic scenarios with self-controlled speed. Background: The visual occlusion technique is an established method for assessing visual demands of driving. However, occlusion time is not a highly informative measure of environmental task-relevant event density in self-paced driving scenarios because it partials out the effects of changes in driving speed. Method: Self-determined occlusion times and distances of 97 drivers with varying backgrounds were analyzed in driving scenarios simulating real Finnish suburban and highway traffic environments with self-determined vehicle speed…
Differential Effects of Interruptions and Distractions on Working Memory Processes in an ERP Study
2020
Interruptions (interfering stimuli to respond to) and distractions (interfering stimuli to be ignored) have been shown to negatively impact performance, particularly in tasks requiring working memory (WM). This study investigated how these two types of external interference affect task performance and attentional and WM processes as indexed by specific event-related potentials (ERPs) of the EEG. A Continuous Number Task (CNT) was applied, in which participants had to either decide whether the current number (condition without WM load) or the sum of the current and the preceding number (condition with WM load) was odd or even while responding to interlaced single letters (interruptions) or i…