Search results for "DNA Primer"
showing 10 items of 317 documents
Identification of Shigella sonnei biotype g isolates carrying class 2 integrons in Italy in 2001-2003
2005
ABSTRACT Phenotyping and genotyping have been carried out on 64 epidemic and sporadic isolates of Shigella sonnei identified in Italy in the years 2001 to 2003. Class 2 integron carriage has been also investigated. Isolates from four of the five outbreaks and four of six sporadic cases were biotype g , pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type B, and class 2 integron positive, suggesting emergence and spread of an epidemic clone in Italy.
Hybridization of mouse lemurs: different patterns under different ecological conditions
2011
Abstract Background Several mechanistic models aim to explain the diversification of the multitude of endemic species on Madagascar. The island's biogeographic history probably offered numerous opportunities for secondary contact and subsequent hybridization. Existing diversification models do not consider a possible role of these processes. One key question for a better understanding of their potential importance is how they are influenced by different environmental settings. Here, we characterized a contact zone between two species of mouse lemurs, Microcebus griseorufus and M. murinus, in dry spiny bush and mesic gallery forest that border each other sharply without intermediate habitats…
Evolution and genetic structure of the great tit (Parus major) complex
2003
The great tit complex is divided into four groups, each containing several subspecies. Even though the groups are known to differ markedly on morphological, vocal and behavioural characters, some hybridization occurs in the regions where they meet. The great tit has often been referred to as an example of a ring species, although this has later been questioned. Here, we have studied the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of the subspecies groups to clarify the evolutionary history of the complex using control region sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. The subspecies groups were found to be monophyletic and clearly distinct in mitochondrial haplotypes, and therefore must have h…
Reliability of mitochondrial DNA in an acanthocephalan: The problem of pseudogenes
2006
The utility of mitochondrial DNA as a molecular marker for evolutionary studies is well recognized. However, several problems can arise when using mitochondrial DNA, one of which is the presence of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes, or Numts. Pseudogenes of cytochrome oxidase I were preferentially amplified from Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala) using a universal PCR approach. To verify the presence and abundance of pseudogenes, length heterogeneity analysis of the PCR fragments was performed. PCR products obtained with universal primers often contained fragments of different sizes. Cloned sequences from universal PCR products nearly always contained sequence abnormalities such as inde…
Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA control region in Japanese.
1998
Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, hypervariable regions I and II, from 100 unrelated Japanese were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Sequences of 404 nucleotides for hypervariable region I and 379 nucleotides for region II were obtained. Variable sites (85 and 45) were revealed in region I and region II, respectively, as compared to the reference sequence, and a total of 96 different genetic patterns from both regions I and II were determined. A point mutation heteroplasmy was observed at the ratio of approximately 50:50 from one individual at the sequence position 151 showing a nucleotide transition from C to T. The probability of …
Nocturnin in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: a potential circadian clock protein controlling glycogenin synthesis in sponges
2012
Sponges are filter feeders that consume a large amount of energy to allow a controlled filtration of water through their aquiferous canal systems. It has been shown that primmorphs, three-dimensional cell aggregates prepared from the demosponge Suberites domuncula and cultured in vitro , change their morphology depending on the light supply. Upon exposure to light, primmorphs show a faster and stronger increase in DNA, protein and glycogen content compared with primmorphs that remain in the dark. The sponge genome contains nocturnin, a light/dark-controlled clock gene, the protein of which shares a high sequence similarity with the related molecule of higher metazoans. The sponge nocturnin …
Asp333, Asp495, and His52.3 Form the Catalytic Triad of Rat Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase
1996
On the basis of the sequence similarity between mammalian epoxide hydrolases and bacterial haloalkane dehalogenase reported earlier (Arand, M., Grant, D. F., Beetham, J. K., Friedberg, T., Oesch, F., and Hammock, B. D. (1994) FEBS Lett. 338, 251-256; Beetham, J. K., Grant, D., Arand, M., Garbarino, J., Kiyosue, T., Pinot, F., Oesch, F., Belknap, W. R., Shinozaki, K., and hammock, B. D. (1995) DNA Cell. Biol. 14, 61-71) we selected candidate amino acid residues for the putative catalytic triad of the rat soluble epoxide hydrolase. The predicted amino acid residues were exchanged by site-directed mutagenesis of the epoxide hydrolase cDNA, followed by the expression of the respective mutant en…
A Short Caspase-3 Isoform Inhibits Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis by Blocking Apoptosome Assembly
2011
Alternative splicing of caspase-3 produces a short isoform caspase-3s that antagonizes caspase-3 apoptotic activity. However, the mechanism of apoptosis inhibition by caspase-3s remains unknown. Here we show that exogenous caspase-3 sensitizes MCF-7 and HBL100 breast cancers cells to chemotherapeutic treatments such as etoposide and methotrexate whereas co-transfection with caspase-3s strongly inhibits etoposide and methotrexate-induced apoptosis underlying thus the anti-apoptotic role of caspase-3s. In caspase-3 transfected cells, lamin-A and α-fodrin were cleaved when caspase-3 was activated by etoposide or methotrexate. When caspase-3s was co-transfected, this cleavage was strongly reduc…
In murine 3T3 fibroblasts, different second messenger pathways resulting in the induction of NO synthase II (iNOS) converge in the activation of tran…
1996
Transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) II (iNOS) by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophages (Xie, Q. W., Kashiwabara, Y., and Nathan, C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 4705-4708). In 3T3 fibroblasts, agents other than cytokines are efficacious inducers of NOS II expression. In addition to cytokines such as interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, protein kinase C-stimulating agents such as tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, or cyclic AMP-elevating agents such as forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP markedly increased NOS II mRNA (measured by Sl nuclease and RNase protection analyses), NOS II protein (determined by Western blotting), a…
Cytoglobin: A Novel Globin Type Ubiquitously Expressed inVertebrate Tissues
2002
Vertebrates possess multiple respiratory globins that differ in terms of structure, function, and tissue distribution. Three types of globins have been described so far: hemoglobin facilitates the transport of oxygen in the blood, myoglobin serves oxygen transport and storage in the muscle, and neuroglobin has a yet unidentified function in nerve cells. Here we report the identification of a fourth and novel type of globin in mouse, man, and zebrafish. It is expressed in apparently all types of human tissue and therefore has been called cytoglobin (CYGB). Mouse and human CYGBs comprise 190 amino acids; the zebrafish CYGB, 174 amino acids. The human CYGB gene is located on chromosome 17q25. …