Search results for "DRY"
showing 10 items of 980 documents
Dry-Season Precipitation in Tropical West Africa and Its Relation to Forcing from the Extratropics
2008
Abstract Precipitation is a major socioeconomic factor in the Guineo-Soudanian zone of tropical West Africa with its distinct summer rainy season from May to October. Albeit rare, precipitation during the dry season can have substantial impacts on the local hydrology and human activities reaching from the rotting of harvests to improved grazing conditions. This study provides an observationally based synoptic and dynamical analysis of an abundant rainfall event during the dry season of 2003/04 that affected the countries of Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Ghana. The results point to a forcing of the rainfalls from the extratropics in the following ways: 1) Upper-level clouds and moisture to the e…
Bioconversion of Gibberellin Fermentation Residue into Feed Supplement and Organic Fertilizer Employing Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Assisted by Cor…
2014
The accumulation of a considerable quantity of gibberellin fermentation residue (GFR) during gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) production not only results in the waste of many resources, but also poses a potential hazard to the environment, indicating that the safe treatment of GFR has become an urgent issue for GA3 industry. The key to recycle GFR is converting it into an available resource and removing the GA3 residue. To this end, we established a co-bioconversion process in this study using house fly larvae (HFL) and microbes (Corynebacterium variabile) to convert GFR into insect biomass and organic fertilizer. About 85.5% GA3 in the GFR was removed under the following optimized solid-state fer…
The Effect of Vanadium on the Content of Chlorophyll, P-700 and Cytochrome f at Different Light Intensities in Chlorella fusca
1980
Summary Cells of Chlorella fusca, were grown in liquid medium supplemented ,vith O.2% glucose and varied concentrations of vanadium both at 5 different light intensities and in the dark. \Vith increasing concentrations of vanadium the content of chlorophyll, P-700 and cytochrome f increased as well, each, however, in a different way. At the saturating concentration of 20 µg vanadium per litre the pigment content per dry weight was double as high as that of the vanadium-free control; the ratio of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b increased from 2.1 to 2.9. The content of P-700 at saturating vanadium concentration was four times higher than that of the control when based on dry weight and double as…
Comparative Investigations on the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain of Spruce (Picea Abies) with Different Degrees of Damage in the Open Air
1988
Several components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (P-700, cytochrome f, QB-protein) as well as the rate of electron transport and the chlorophyll content of the needles of spruce trees with different degrees of damage were investigated. The investigations were carried out in pair comparison at a location in the Hunsruck (West Germany). The rate of electron transport was determined as photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Significant damage to the electron transport system is shown in the thylakoids of the damaged trees compared to the less severely damaged trees. In the spruce trees with more damage, the rates of electron transport are significantly lower. The inve…
Changes in the Content of Chlorophyll and Redox Components of the Thylakoid Membrane during Development and Senescence of Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Lea…
1995
Abstract Leaves from 145-year-old and 44-year-old beech trees were harvested during 1991-1993. Chlorophyll (Chl) and redox components of the thylakoid membrane, including P-700, cytochrome f (Cyt f) and D1 protein, were determined with the following results. Chl a + b, P-700 and Cyt f per unit of fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and leaf area (LA) increase significantly during leaf development. This can be attributed to a massive membrane synthesis and new thylakoid formation in the cells. The Chl a/Chl b ratio decreases with the synthesis of Chl during the development of beech leaves and is reduced further with Chl breakdown in the stage of senescence. When expressed on the basis of Chl…
The efficient bovine insulin presentation capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophages activated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor c…
1993
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi) were shown before to function as antigen-presenting cells. We show here, that the antigen presentation capacity of BMM phi depends on the nature of the antigen and is differently regulated by the lymphokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). When bovine insulin (BI) was employed as antigen, only BMM phi treated with GM-CSF (GM-CSF-M phi) were efficient presenters, but when presentation of the antigens ovalbumin and conalbumin was tested, IFN-gamma-pulsed BMM phi (IFN-gamma-M phi) proved superior to GM-CSF-M phi. The lack of efficient BI presentation function of IFN-gamma-M phi was only obviou…
Efficacy and safety study of an eyelid gel after repeated nocturnal application in healthy contact lens users and non-users
2020
Purpose: To evaluate skin biocompatibility of a nighttime hydrating eyelid gel and possible ocular surface effects in contact lens users (CLU) and non-contact lens users (NCLU). The formulation is registered as a medical device as Tridocosahexaenoine-AOX® (TDHA-AOX) (a concentrated DHA triglyceride), containing also hyaluronic acid (HA). Methods: A prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial was performed with 62 participants of both sexes, aged 20–70 years, split into: (1) CLU (n = 30) and (2) NCLU (n = 32). All participants were instructed to apply a single dose of the moisturizing gel (containing TDHA-AOX and HA) nightly to the upper and inner eyelids of their right eye (RE) only, and…
Survival in extreme dryness and DNA-single-strand breaks.
1992
A wide variety of organisms (the so-called "anhydrobiotes') is able to survive long periods of time in a state of utmost dehydration and can thus survive in extremely dry environments including artificially imposed or space vacuum. Known strategies of survival include the accumulation of certain polyols, especially disaccharides, which help prevent damage to membranes and proteins. Here we report that DNA in vacuum-dried spores is damaged to a very substantial degree by processes leading to DNA strand breaks. Most of these lesions are obviously repaired during germination, but extensive damage to DNA and enzymes after long exposure times (months to years) finally diminish the chances of sur…
Biodiversity and dairy traits of lactic acid bacteria from foliage of aromatic plants before and after dehydration process monitored by a smart senso…
2020
ABSTRACT The main hypothesis of this work was to evaluate the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intrinsically resistant to plant essential oils in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), for future applications in functional cheese production by addition of aromatic herbs. The effect of the drying process on the viability of LAB was evaluated with three biomass densities (3, 4 and 5 kg/m2). The drying densities did not affect weight loss, but influenced the levels of LAB of sage and laurel. A total of 10 different strains of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus raffinosus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were identified from laurel, while sage did not…
Expression of a plant serine O-acetyltransferase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae confers osmotic tolerance and creates an alternative pathway for cysteine…
2004
Screening of a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris cv. Dita) cDNA library for clones able to confer osmotic tolerance to the osmosensitive gpd1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a novel serine O-acetyltransferase (BvSAT; EC 2.3.1.30). This enzyme is involved in cysteine biosynthesis in plants and bacteria, producing O-acetylserine, which is converted into cysteine in a reaction catalysed by O-acetylserine sulphydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8). This pathway is not conserved in yeast, where cysteine is synthesized in a four-step pathway starting with homoserine and having O-acetylhomoserine, homocysteine and cystathionine as intermediates. Expression of BvSAT in yeast takes advantage of the activity …