Search results for "DRY"
showing 10 items of 980 documents
Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin: The PIONEER 2 Trial
2019
OBJECTIVE Efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog oral semaglutide and the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomized to once-daily open-label treatment with oral semaglutide 14 mg (n = 412) or empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 410) in a 52-week trial. Key end points were change from baseline to week 26 in HbA1c (primary) and body weight (confirmatory secondary). Two estimands addressed efficacy-related questions: treatment policy (regardless of trial product discontinuation or rescue medication) and trial product (on trial product with…
Inhibitory avoidance in CD1 mice: sex matters, as does the supplier.
2013
The purpose of the present work was to study possible differences in the learning of inhibitory avoidance (also called passive avoidance) in male and female CD1 mice acquired from three different suppliers, for which a one-trial step-through version of the paradigm was employed. Ninety-six mice from Charles River (France), Janvier (France) and Harlan (The Netherlands) laboratories were divided by sex and assigned to group C, J or H, respectively (n=16). The animals were tested in the training phase (foot-shock: 0.3mA, 5s) and again for avoidance (no foot-shock delivered) one week later. Inhibitory avoidance learning (test latencies significantly higher than training latencies) was observed …
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Solifenacin Succinate and Extended Release Tolterodine at Treating Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Resu…
2005
Abstract Objective: To compare two new generation antimuscarinics at their recommended doses for treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Methods: A prospective, double blind, double-dummy, two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of solifenacin 5 or 10mg and tolterodine extended release (ER) 4mg once daily in OAB patients. After 4 weeks of treatment patients had the option to request a dose increase but were dummied throughout as approved product labelling only allowed an increase for those on solifenacin. Results: Solifenacin, with a flexible dosing regimen, showed greater efficacy to tolterodine in decreasing urgency episodes, inconti…
Regulatory and academic studies to derive reference values for human health: The case of bisphenol S
2022
We would like to thank the HBM4EU team including Petra Apel (UBA), Matthieu Meslin and Christophe Rousselle (Anses) for their scientific contribution, as well as the ANSES Working Group on endocrine disruption, and its scientific Anses coordinators François Pouzaud and Sandrine Charles.; International audience; The close structural analogy of bisphenol (BP) S with BPA, a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical and a substance of very high concern in the European Union, highlights the need to assess the extent of similarities between the two compounds and carefully scrutinize BPS potential toxicity for human health. This analysis aimed to investigate human health toxicity data regarding BPS…
Combined effect of type and capture area of counting chamber and diluent on Holstein bull sperm kinematics
2018
The evaluation of sperm motion is crucial for processing of seminal doses for artificial insemination. Here, the combined effect of the type and capture area of three counting chambers, together with the type of diluent employed, on sperm motility was analysed. Ejaculates from thirteen Holstein bulls were used for sperm kinematic analysis with the ISAS® v1 CASA-Mot system, using two capillary-loaded counting chambers (Leja® and Cell-Vu® ) and one drop displacement chamber (Makler® ). Nine fixed positions were analysed per chamber type, considering central and lateral and three longitudinal fields. Independent of the diluent used, differences were found between the three chambers. Independen…
High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in pigs reared under intensive growing systems: Frequency of ribotypes and associated risk factors
2007
Three hundred and ninety-five pig fecal samples were analyzed looking for Blastocystis sp. using optical microscopy and PCR. A global prevalence of 46.8% has been observed in this study, although relative values of prevalence differ notably according to the strata examined, ranging from 9.3% in sows to 75% in weaners. Statistic analysis of the data included several risk factors such as different management systems, date of sample collection, fecal consistency, age and sex of the animals. The presence of the parasite was statistically associated to the variables "age" and "date of sample collection", being more prevalent in weaners and grower pigs and warm season. Random fragment-length poly…
Surveillance and control of African Swine Fever in free‐ranging pigs in Sardinia
2019
SUMMARY African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable infectious disease, caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), which is a DNA virus belonging to the family Asfarviridae, genus Asfivirus. This disease has gained importance in the last decade after its spread in several countries in Eastern and Central Europe, and more recently, in China. Despite the efforts made to eradicate it, ASF is still present on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia (Italy) and has been since 1978. ASF risk factors on the island have been analysed in previous studies; the role of free‐ranging pigs in virus persistence has been suggested, but has not been fully elucidated. The most recent eradication plan provides more stringent…
A multi-generational study on low-dose BPA exposure in Wistar rats: Effects on maternal behavior, flavor intake and development
2012
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor found as an environmental and food contaminant. It exerts both developmental and behavioral effects, mainly when exposure occurs in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the multi-generational effects of chronic, human-relevant low-dose exposure to BPA on development, maternal behavior and flavor preference in Wistar rats. BPA was orally administered at a daily dose of 5 mu g/kg body weight to FO pregnant dams from the first day of gestation (GD 1) until the last day of lactation (LD 21), and then to Fl offspring from weaning (PND 21) to adulthood (PND 100). F2 offspring were not exposed. Development and clinical signs of toxici…
A comparative study of the sperm nuclear morphometry in cattle, goat, sheep, and pigs using a new computer-assisted method (CASMA-F)
2012
This study was designed to compare the sperm nuclear morphometry of four species of domestic artiodactyls (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs), using the newly developed automatic computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis-F. The study was divided into two experiments. In the first experiment, samples from 20 males from each species were collected, diluted, and divided into four sample aliquots. The first was labeled directly with Hoechst 33342, and the others were processed as smears. Between smears, one group was directly labeled with Hoechst after air drying, and the other was fixed either with glutaraldehyde (GLUT), or with methanol, and afterward labeled with Hoechst. Digital images of t…
N-Succinyl-chitosan systems for 5-aminosalicylic acid colon delivery: In vivo study with TNBS-induced colitis model in rats
2011
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) loaded N-Succinyl-chitosan (SucCH) microparticle and freeze-dried system were prepared as potential delivery systems to the colon. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro release and swelling studies were previously assessed and showed that the two formulations appeared to be good candidates to deliver the drug to the colon. In this work the effectiveness of these two systems in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was evaluated. In vitro mucoadhesive studies showed excellent mucoadhesive properties of both the systems to the inflamed colonic mucosa. Experimental colitis was induced by rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNB…