Search results for "DYSLIPIDEMIA"

Liraglutide Increases the Catabolism of Apolipoprotein B100–Containing Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Reduces Proprotein Convertas…

2021

OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is atherogenic. Important features of diabetic dyslipidemia are increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and small dense LDL particles, which all have apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) as a major apolipoprotein. This prompted us to study the effect of the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotopes (L-[1-13C]leucine) in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with liraglutide (1.2 mg/day). We also evaluated in mice the effect of liraglutide on the expression of genes involved in apoB100-…

Residual cardiovascular risk of lipid origin. Components and pathophysiological aspects

2019

Abstract There is no doubt about the relationship between LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, as well as about the benefits of statin treatment. Once the objective of LDL-C has been achieved, the evidences that demonstrate the persistence of a high cardiovascular risk, a concept called residual risk, are notable. The residual risk of lipid origin is based on atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterised by an increase in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a decrease in HDL-C and qualitative alterations in LDL particles. The most commonly used measures to identify this dyslipidemia are based on the determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol and remaining …

Combined Dyslipidemia: Should the Focus be LDL Cholesterol or Atherogenic Dyslipidemia?

2012

As the population becomes more obese and the prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome increases, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) may lose its value as a sole predictor for cardiovascular risk among lipids. Combined dyslipidemia is typically characterized by elevations in LDL-C and triglyceride levels, often accompanied by decreased high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased levels of small, dense LDL. This common disorder results from overproduction of hepatically synthesized apolipoprotein B in very low-density lipoproteins. In the last few years most of the international scientific guidelines as well as several expert panels have confirme…

Cilostazol and atherogenic dyslipidemia: a clinically relevant effect

2011

Cilostazol is a reversible, selective inhibitor of PDE3A able to significantly improve walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. However, beyond its antiplatelet and vasodilator properties, cilostazol seems to have significant effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia.The effects of cilostazol on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and postprandial lipemia are reviewed. A literature search (using Medline and Scopus) was performed up to 24 October 2010. The authors also manually reviewed the references of selected articles for any pertinent material.Cilostazol is able to significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels, with a concomitant increase in high-density lipoprot…

Future perspectives of the pharmacological management of diabetic dyslipidemia

2019

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic) particles, and by a decrease in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 that are strongly related to insulin resistance. The increased flux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver aggravates hepatic insulin resistance and promotes all of aspects of the dyslipidemic state. Areas covered: Statins are the first-line agents for treatment while other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe, fibrate and proprotein convertase…

Non-glycemic effects of pioglitazone and incretin-based therapies.

2013

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events are highly prevalent and represent the major cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, there is significant interest in the non-glycemic properties of anti-diabetic agents, particularly on those that are effective on cardiovascular risk factors. Thiazolidinediones and incretin-based therapies (IBTs) represent some of the most recent treatment options approved for the management of type 2 diabetes; these agents have shown important glycemic effects, as well as a number of non-glycemic effects. The latter include those on body weight, inflammation, hypertension and dyslipidemia, thus impacting the different components of the meta…

Management of Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome

2007

In order to characterize the metabolic syndrome it becomes necessary to establish a number of diagnostic criteria. Because of its impact on cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, considerable attention has been focussed on the dyslipidemia accompanying the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the treatment of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia with recommendations to clinicians. The clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is associated with hi…

Exercise, the endocannabinoid system and metabolic health

2013

As obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, are becoming one of the most serious health problems worldwide, development of effective therapies is a high priority. In the search for treatments, the recently discovered endocannabinoid system (ECS) has begun to garner attention, and a wealth of research is now focusing on this unique neuromodulatory system named after the plant that led to its discovery. The ECS consists of G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous lipid-derived ligands (endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, named anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)) and the enzymes for ligand syn…

Do we need better lipid tools for cardiovascular risk assessment ?

2008

3104Associations between cardiovascular disease, cancer and very low hdl cholesterol in the reasons for geographical and racial differences in stroke…

2017

AIMS: Relatively little is known about the health outcomes associated with very low plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) mainly because of the small numbers of individuals with such extreme values included in clinical trials. We therefore investigated the association between low and very low HDL-C concentration at baseline and incident all-cause-mortality, death from malignant disease (i.e. cancer), and with fatal or non-fatal incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in individuals from the Reasons for Geographical And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analysis was based on 21,751 participants from the REGARDS study who were fre…