Search results for "Darwin"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
La Educación Física Escolar en Tres Centros Educativos de Chile: una Caracterización de sus Prácticas Docentes
2016
Physical Education (PE) generally, and Chilean one, specifically, is in the middle of an identity crisis. There is a vision of the body as a production object. This vision has been generated in the light of social Darwinism, and at the same time there are other more conciliatory and global approaches. This investigation tries, with a holistic approach based on participating observation, to look into the practices carried out in relation to PE in schools in the Chilean context. The main conclusion from the analysis carried out is that in schools, PE is mainly focused on “doing” and on the production of results that can later on be assessed with objectivity. This means that schools are still …
Isolation of Desulfovibrio intestinalis sp. nov. from the hindgut' of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis.
1999
A Gram-negative, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from hindgut contents of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt (strain KMS2). Strain KMS2 is motile by a single polar flagellum. The isolate possesses desulfoviridin and catalase activity. The G+C content of its DNA is in the range of 54.5-55.5 mol% (strain KMS2). It respires hydrogen and different low molecular weight organic compounds in the presence of sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite, and also oxygen. The isolated strain ferments pyruvate. Fastest growth with a doubling time of 12.5 h was obtained at 37°C and not at 28°C, the temperature at which the termites were grown. The isolate showed a 16S rDNA seque…
El darwinismo social y la filología decimonónica: rastreo de la ideología a través de la prensa histórica
2021
espanolEn este trabajo, se persigue demostrar que el pensamiento darwiniano estaba enraizado en concepciones supremacistas y que este pensamiento no solo marco la biologia decimononica, sino tambien el resto de disciplinas sociales y humanas al convertirse la biologia como maximo exponente de lo que se entendia como ciencia. No solo se tomaron como premisas los presupuestos metodologicos de la biologia, sino tambien su concepcion supremacista. Y la filologia no fue una excepcion. A traves del rastreo en la prensa historica decimononica, queremos demostrar que estas ideas calaron en la sociedad, pero tambien en el pensamiento filologico hispanico del siglo XIX. La reconstruccion de la preten…
Positivism on the move: translators and publishers in Mexico and Argentina (1850-1950)
2013
La historiografía sobre el tema ha mostrado que la introducción de la filosofía de Auguste Comte en Latinoamérica dio lugar a un positivismo profundamente heterogéneo. Su combinación con los escritos de Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin y John Stuart Mill, la circulación de impresos, tanto en lengua original como en traducción, y el desarrollo de un mercado editorial internacional a fines del siglo XIX son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a explicar dicha heterogeneidad. El presente trabajo estudia la circulación de las ideas positivistas en Argentina y en México desde la perspectiva de los editores y traductores activos entre 1850 y 1950, un periodo clave para la organización política…
Hybridization as Speciation? The Viewpoint of Greek Folk Biology (and Aristotle) on the Mutation of Species
2008
Modern evolutionary biologists, as for example Michael Arnold, attest that hybridizations could have a strong creative force in organismal evolution. Such an idea was considered as blasphemous by 19th century critics on evolutionism, and did not entirely convince Charles Darwin himself, but it would not have surprised the ancient Greeks and Romans, who knew that inter-specific couplings gave birth to new species. These new species, however, were considered as products of a process of "adulteration" or "involution", rather than "evolution".
‘Happy amicable co-operation’: mutual aid, anarchism and the image of the bee in the work of Louisa Sarah Bevington
2017
AbstractThe poet and political activist Louisa Sarah Bevington has been largely ignored in accounts of late Victorian literary and cultural history, even though her work presents a singular nexus of scientific, socio-cultural and poetical perspectives. This essay will show how Bevington juxtaposes Social Darwinist interpretations of the theory of evolution, which foreground the idea of human life as a struggle for existence, with the anarcho-communist view proposed by Peter Kropotkin, which foregrounds the human capacity for sympathy and mutual aid as the driving forces in social development. After situating Kropotkin’s ideas within the larger context of anarchist and evolutionist thinking,…
Spanish Darwinian iconography: Darwin and evolutionism portrayed in Spanish press cartoons.
2013
The theory of evolution has played a major role in the press since it was put forward by Charles Darwin in 1859. Its key role in biology and human philosophy is reflected by its presence in press cartoons, sections where the image of social reality is depicted in a more direct and satirical light. Through cartoons, artists have used their ingenuity or wit to portray one of the most controversial scientific figures of the past two centuries. This study examines the views portrayed by Spanish cartoonists about Charles Darwin and evolutionary theory in 2009, the bicentenary of the naturalist’s birth and the celebration of 150 years since the publication of On the Origin of Species. These cart…
Global distributions of diazotrophs Gamma-A nifH genes abundance - Depth integrated values computed from a collection of source datasets - Contributi…
2013
The MAREDAT atlas covers 11 types of plankton, ranging in size from bacteria to jellyfish. Together, these plankton groups determine the health and productivity of the global ocean and play a vital role in the global carbon cycle. Working within a uniform and consistent spatial and depth grid (map) of the global ocean, the researchers compiled thousands and tens of thousands of data points to identify regions of plankton abundance and scarcity as well as areas of data abundance and scarcity. At many of the grid points, the MAREDAT team accomplished the difficult conversion from abundance (numbers of organisms) to biomass (carbon mass of organisms). The MAREDAT atlas provides an unprecedente…
Production of methyl mercury in the gut of the Australian termite Mastotermes darwiniensis
2008
Animals are often exposed to or can ingest heavy metals along with their food. Therefore, we tested whether the hindgut microbiota of Mastotermes darwiniensis possesses the capability to form methyl mercury. The termite M. darwiniensis (Isoptera) was fed with saw dust containing different concentrations of inorganic mercury. Methyl mercury was determined by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography-atom fluorescence spectrometry (CGC-AFS) using ethyl mercury chloride as the internal standard. Total mercury concentrations were determined in the termite tissue by inductive coupled plasma-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) after microwave-assisted digestion. The obtained results s…
The Nature of Our Becoming: Genealogical Perspectives
2020
In the light of Philipp Sarasin's work in 'Darwin und Foucault: Genealogie und Geschichte im Zeitalter der Biologie', the article delineates a genealogically articulated naturally produced culture and a cultured nature and discusses the genealogical implications of a carnal, becoming self in a world that could rightly be justified "as an aesthetical phenomenon." The article demonstrates the historicity and processual materiality as a conceptual platform for a combination of the notions of experienced carnality and a socially constructed body, demonstrating such a historically embedded carnal body as a binding agent for the "social constructivist" and "biologist" approaches in sciences. Thus…