Search results for "Decentralization"
showing 10 items of 91 documents
How Much Power to Tax do Regional Governments Enjoy in Spain Since the 1996 and 2001 Reforms?
2010
From 1979 to 1983, a new intermediate level of government was created in Spain. This article focuses on the financial aspects of political decentralization in Spain. How much power to tax do the new regional parliaments and executives enjoy? What other sources of income do they dispose of? Which rules have been settled for regulating their tax and non-tax sources of income? Has fiscal decentralization affected fiscal discipline? Are these governments now financially autonomous? These are the questions addressed. The article shows that, with the exception of the Basque Country and Navarre, regional governments were financed mainly through intergovernmental grants during the 1980s and 1990s. …
La descoordinación territorial del desarrollo local: ¿demasiados actores para un mismo territorio? Una aproximación empírica a la realidad de la Comu…
2020
La descentralización es en sí mismo un proceso complejo que debe ser planificado, convirtiéndose así en una necesidad para el buen funcionamiento de cualquier modelo. Descentralización en ningún caso significa transferir y olvidarse, sino que cualquier proceso en este sentido necesita de un sistema de coordinación entre todos aquellos actores con implicación en la materia, adecuado al territorio y al contexto, ya que si no puede generar efectos negativos. En el presente texto recogemos algunos de los que están afectando en mayor medida al modelo valenciano para el desarrollo local, así como algunos de sus posibles motivos. Decentralization is in itself a complex process that must be planned…
Negotiation mechanisms for capacity allocation in distributed enterprises
2003
Abstract The paper proposes an agent based approach for the capacity allocation in distributed enterprises, characterized by complex and articulated organizations and by geographically distributed production capacities contended by many product families. In such a scenario the process of allocating the production capacity to the single customer order is one the major bottlenecks of the production planning activity as far as many organizational decisional levels are involved and market turbulence implies a continuous retuning of the capacity allocation plan. A high grade of reactiveness is needed. Agent based approaches and negotiation models, by decentralizing the decisional control and sim…
Public domain and decentralization
2017
Decentralisation and public ownership are two distinct notions that are, a priori, related in only a limited manner. The relationship between them is all the weaker in that public ownership has contributed to the construction of the State and is historically and intrinsically linked to its unitary nature. The transfer of property that comes with decentralisation and, more particularly, the principle of compensation has, however, resulted in a number of changes to the regime governing publicly owned property that is transferred, inevitably leading to a reassessment of these relationships. The revision of the rules set out in France’s ‘general code on public ownership’ less than two years aft…
Sociologie de l'école (3ème édition)
2006
06002; Cette troisième édition, totalement refondue, d'un manuel devenu " la " référence sur le monde de l'école, des élèves et des enseignants, explore le domaine de manière systématique et objective, et sous des aspects divers : place de l'école dans la société (politiques scolaires, inégalités de carrière, enjeux de la réussite scolaire, évolution des analyses théoriques), mais aussi acteurs et pratiques (profession enseignante, programmes, pratiques éducatives des familles, métiers d'élève). Outre la mise à jour de toutes les données et une actualisation générale de son contenu, l'ouvrage propose de nombreux éléments inédits sur les effets des politiques éducatives, la construction et l…
DECENTRALISATION AS AN INCENTIVE SCHEME
1987
Recent changes have introduced more decentralization in a number of traditionally centralized countries.1 In the case of France, it is sometimes claimed that the 1982-1983 reform of subcentral government is of historical importance. Although the principles of that reform are not contested any more by the new majority elected in 1986, opinions still differ on a number of policy issues. Some of the issues are presented in this introductory section. But the main purpose of this paper is not to expose or discuss in detail the problems of decentralization in France. As argued in the second part of the introductory section, the theoretical framework in which the policy issues of decentralization …
La racionalidad y la sostenibilidad como figuras míticas en el desmontaje del sistema público de servicios sociales
2014
Este artículo constituye un balance de los cambios que se están produciendo en el sistema de servicios sociales de la Comunidad Valenciana: 1) Una contextualización en un eje histórico que concluye con la actual búsqueda de un “consenso retrógrado” para desmontar el sistema público y los movimientos sociales de resistencia; 2) El desplazamiento de la contención social de la crisis desde el sistema de servicios sociales al de seguridad social; 3) Las transformaciones institucionales producidas por la vía presupuestaria; 4) El “efecto bumerang” sobre los Servicios Sociales que produce la implementación de la Ley de “promoción de la autonomía personal y apoyo a las situaciones de dependencia”;…
Analysis of Users Behaviour from a Movie Preferences Perspective
2018
Despite their tremendous popularity, Online Social Networks (OSNs) have several issues related to the privacy of social users. These issues have motivated researchers to develop OSN services that take advantage of the decentralized platforms (such as P2P systems or opportunistic networks). Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) need specific approaches to manage the decentralization of social data. In particular, data availability is one of the main issues and current proposals exploit properties of the social relationships to manage it. At the best of our knowledge, there are no proposals which exploit similarity between users, expressed with the term homophily. Homophily has been we…
Reputation management in distributed systems
2008
Several distributed applications, implemented over today’s Internet, are based on the assumption that participating agents collaborate in order to achieve their own goal. However, when these applications are modelled as unstructured distributed systems, the greater autonomy and decentralization encourage antisocial behaviours, which are likely to cause performance degradation for the whole system. This paper presents a fully distributed reputation management system that allows the evaluation of agent reputation in unstructured environments without any centralized coordination. The proposed approach is based on game theory and is capable of capturing the highly dynamic nature of the involved…
University and small and medium enterprises: interdependent systems or monads? A comparison between the italian university systems and the french one
2011
The Bologna process and the Lisbona strategy showed the different national laws the organizational axes around which innovate and harmonize the various European universities. The analysis of the different national reforms of the universities show, however, that the objectives of full employment and economic competitiveness do not appear fulfilled (Charle 2007). The reforms concerned the repartition of the university studies into two cycles, the development of students mobility programs, the promotion of international cooperation programs but, rarely, the construction of a competitive knowledge (Vallauri 2004). Moving from the comparison between the recent university reform realized in Italy…