Search results for "Decision making"
showing 10 items of 492 documents
Beyond economic and financial analyses : A revelatory study of IT security investment decision-making process
2022
Information Technology (IT) security breaches and the extent of damage they may cause to an organization are inherently uncertain. Therefore, managers’ decisions about whether to make IT security investment (ITSI) and how much, depend upon a subjective assessment of the economic value of the investment and the likelihood of the damage to the organization. When managers delay or fail to decide on whether and how much to invest in IT security, it can make organizations vulnerable to operational and strategic perils. Based upon interviews, document reviews, and observations in three organizations in Finland that made ITSI decisions to acquire a secure email application system, we examined the …
Willingness to Adopt Biochar in Agriculture: The Producer’s Perspective
2017
Most research on biochar has focused either on the mechanistic or the biophysical aspects, and there has been relatively little research into the social applicability and acceptance of biochar as a soil enhancer in agriculture. However, whether to adopt biochar in their practice is ultimately the farmers’ decision, and their willingness to do so is crucial. Here, we show the producer’s perspective on adopting biochar, using Polish farmers as a case study. Poland is an interesting case study because biochar has only recently attracted the attention of researchers, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders there. We performed standardized, semi-structured interviews with 161 Polish farmers to eva…
Ethical Decision-Making by Business Students: Factors of Influence
2013
Business and university stakeholders ask what institutions of higher education are doing to improve student ethics. Our research produces a theoretic model offering insight into a comprehesive process of influences to business student ethical decision making, and its implications for the purposeful moral development of students. Using qualitative, grounded theory methods, we asked 27 business juniors and seniors how the university environment influences their ethical decision making in university life. The resulting model reveals five major categories found within this process: internalized ideals and beliefs, institutional expectations, influential stakeholders, university experiences, and…
“The tree was there first” – using an everyday ecological dilemma to explore the personal orientations of secondary school students in environmental …
2020
Studies have repeatedly shown that the goals of environmental education are as indispensable as they are difficult to achieve. In particular, the discrepancy between environmental awareness and eve...
Variabili situazionali e psicologiche nell’eccesso di scelta
2012
Partendo dalla recente letteratura psicologica sui limiti dei processi decisionali, il presente contributo ripensa criticamente la diffusa convinzione secondo cui un’ampia possibilità di scelta è sempre vantaggiosa e desiderabile. In particolare sono esaminate le principali ragioni per le quali la sovrabbondanza di decisioni imposte all’individuo dalla società odierna può tradursi in una logorante “tirannia di troppa scelta”.
Compact city: agent-based simulation and sustainability assessment
2013
Complexity and Action. A Cybernetics Perspective to Decision Making - Plenary Lecture
2013
The problem often faced by some approaches to complexity is that of the abstraction from the competition character of action. Man often is not rational, because of his cognitive limits, his heuristics of thought, and his passions of which the most dangerous is fear. To be aware that the world is complex and there is no way to forecast the future is something that can scare at the point to inhibit decision and necessary action. Today there is a lot of talking about how the world, hence the markets, the social and business environment is complex, but few real proposals about what to do. The temptation coming from reductionist models and the reason why they are still so strong in the manageria…
Industry 4.0 Intelligence under Attack : From Cognitive Hack to Data Poisoning
2018
Artificial intelligence is an unavoidable asset of Industry 4.0. Artificial actors participate in real-time decision-making and problem solving in various industrial processes, including planning, production, and management. Their efficiency, as well as intelligent and autonomous behavior is highly dependent on the ability to learn from examples, which creates new vulnerabilities exploited by security threats. Today's disruptive attacks of hackers go beyond system's infrastructures targeting not only hard-coded software or hardware, but foremost data and trained decision models, in order to approach system's intelligence and compromise its work. This paper intends to reveal security threats…
Public Choices and Decision-making Processes: A Case Study on Sustainable Mobility
2017
The definition of a decision process, which implies the capacity to implement and realize an action involving all the actors interested, is crucial not only for taking adequate political decisions but even mainly for getting a democratic control of the decisions themselves. From a strategic planning point of view, decision process on public issues should be essentially considered as a process of participation, which involves political decision-makers as well as all the administrative organizations which have to realize the decisions taken and citizens and more generally all the stakeholders who will be impacted in a positive or negative way by such decisions. If this is the case, important …