Search results for "Defence"
showing 10 items of 472 documents
Personu, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību, liecības kriminālprocesā
2020
Bakalaura darba tēma “Personu, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību, liecības kriminālprocesā” sniedz vispārīgu ieskatu personu, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību procesuālo statusu un šo personu sniegto liecību izpratnē. Darbā tiek apskatīta personu, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību liecību iegūšanas veidi un šo personu kriminālprocesuālās tiesības attiecībā uz liecību sniegšanu kriminālprocesa gaitā. Darba ietvarā ir apskatīti un analizēti gaidāmie fundamentālie grozījumi attiecībā uz personām, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību liecību saturu, nosakot, ka personām, kurām ir tiesības uz aizstāvību, būs jāsniedz patiesas liecības, ja tās izmantos savas tiesības liecināt.
Volatile compounds released by disturbed and undisturbed adults of Anchomenus dorsalis (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) and structure of the pygidi…
2011
Volatile compounds produced by adults of Anchomenus dorsalis under undisturbed and disturbed conditions were investigated with an all-glass aeration apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the crude extracts from undisturbed and disturbed adults highlighted four major volatile compounds, undecane, heneicosane, Z-9 tricosene and tricosane, of which significantly more undecane was released by disturbed adults compared to undisturbed beetles. The pygidial glands of adults of A. dorsalis were investigated using light and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Each gland showed dense aggregates of secretory cells organized into visually distinct lobes; a long collecting canal that drains the secretion tow…
Hard to catch: Experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
2021
Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry areAdelphabutterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naive blue tits to learn to avoid and generalizeAdelphawing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distast…
Proces modernizacji polskiej armii w perspektywie planu modernizacji technicznej sił zbrojnych na lata 2017-2022. Szanse i zagrożenia dla bezpieczeńs…
2017
Proces modernizacji polskiej armii jest jednym z najdłużej trwających procesów polityczno-militarno-społecznych w Polsce. Czas trwania, wielokrotne zmiany koncepcji planów modernizacyjnych Wojska Polskiego, przetasowania na polskiej scenie politycznej – wszystkie te czynniki miały niebagatelny wpływ na czas, jakość i koszty samego procesu modernizacji, który z tychże powodów trwa do dnia dzisiejszego. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi najważniejszych szans i zagrożeń wynikających z zmodernizowanego Panu Modernizacji Technicznej Wojska Polskiego.
Switching spatial scale reveals dominance-dependent social foraging tactics in a wild primate
2017
When foraging in a social group, individuals are faced with the choice of sampling their environment directly or exploiting the discoveries of others. The evolutionary dynamics of this trade-off have been explored mathematically through the producer-scrounger game, which has highlighted socially exploitative behaviours as a major potential cost of group living. However, our understanding of the tight interplay that can exist between social dominance and scrounging behaviour is limited. To date, only two theoretical studies have explored this relationship systematically, demonstrating that because scrounging requires joining a competitor at a resource, it should become exclusive to high-rank…
The evolution and ecology of multiple antipredator defences
2023
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter. Such “defence portfolios” that defend prey against a single instance of predation are distributed across and within successive stages of the predation sequence (encounter, detection, identification, approach (attack), subjugation and consumption). We contend that at present, our understanding of defence portfolio evolution is incomplete, and seen from the fragmentary perspective of speci…
Zinc Adsorption by Activated Carbon Prepared from Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass
2019
Sawdust was used as a precursor for the production of biomass-based activated carbon. Carbonization and activation are single-stage processes, and steam was used as a physical activation agent at 800 °
Failing to Provide Public Goods: Why the Afghan Army Did Not Fight
2022
The theory of public goods is mainly about the difficulty in paying for them. Our question here is this: Why might public goods not be provided, even if funding is available? We use the Afghan Army as our case study. We explore this issue using a simple model of a public good that can be provided through collective action and peer pressure, by modeling the self-organization of a group (the Afghan Army) as a mechanism design problem. We consider two kinds of transfer subsidies from an external entity such as the U.S. government. One is a Pigouvian subsidy that simply pays the salaries, rewarding individuals who provide effort. The second is an output/resource multiplier (the provision of mil…
Intra- and inter-specific social selection of vigilance and defense phenotypes in breeding colonies of lesser kestrels and jackdaws
2012
Testing the effectiveness of pyrazine defences against spiders
2020
Insects live in a dangerous world and may fall prey to a wide variety of predators, encompassing multiple taxa. As a result, selection may favour defences that are effective against multiple predator types, or target-specific defences that can reduce predation risk from particular groups of predators. Given the variation in sensory systems and hunting tactics, in particular between vertebrate and invertebrate predators, it is not always clear whether defences, such as chemical defences, that are effective against one group will be so against another. Despite this, the majority of research to date has focused on the role of a single predator species when considering the evolution of defended…