Search results for "Defense mechanism"

Countertransference in Factitious Disorder

1994

In the treatment of patients with factitious disorder it is important to realize that at various levels of their experience these patients are more intimate with death than with life. This requires a particular awareness of resistance mechanisms to countertransference as well as of the importance of clinical procedures, in particular with regard to superego analysis. A requirement for establishing a psychotherapeutic alliance with patients suffering from factitious disorder is a high degree of 'therapeutic eros', hope and trust in one's own capabilities. The emphasis on a 'biophile attitude' does, however, involve the danger that the destructive potential, fantasies of death or killing, but…

Predictive signs and indicators of aggressiveness and violence: a comparison between a group of adolescents attending an external penal area, a group…

2006

Aim. We considered the spreading and the increasing of aggressive and violent behaviours. The most of them have two common roots: lack of actual motivation and brutality. Our research intends to detect specific indicators and predictive signs of violent and aggressive behaviours. In order to this, scientific literature shows that the most reliable indicators and predictive signs are linked to structural personality features (e.g. defensive strategies, impulse control). Methods. This cross sectional study compares a group of 26 male adolescents with Conduct Disorder (F91.8), a group of 29 male patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (F60.31) and a group of 33 male prisoners with Antiso…

Psychological defense styles, childhood adversities and psychopathology in adulthood.

2003

OBJECTIVE: The present study explores the link between reported sexual and/or physical abuse and psychological defense styles, as well as the association of both with psychological distress in adulthood. In two patient samples that differ in psychological distress and somatization, we examine whether the adversities reported and immature defense styles are associated with psychopathological symptoms. METHOD: We examined 266 consecutive inpatients in the psychosomatic department and 109 consecutive inpatients who had been treated for low-back pain in the orthopedic department of a German university hospital. Psychological defense styles were assessed by a two-factor solution of the German mo…

Nanocarriers for respiratory diseases treatment: Recent advances and current challenges

2014

Pulmonary delivery of locally-acting drugs encapsulated in nanocarriers provides several advantages for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis and lung cancer. These advantages include, among others, sustained drug delivery to the lungs, reduced therapeutic dose and improved patient compliance. The aim of this review is to give an updated overview on recent advances recorded in the last few years in this field as well as on the major challenges still existing and that remain to be overcome before any clinical application. After an outline on the cellular and extracellular barriers affecting drug delivery to…

Relationships between Coping Strategies and Defense Mechanisms in sport performance

2008

In an exploratory study, the relationships between two major concepts in psychological adjustment, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were investigated. Sport competition is an example of a real-world context in which people's responses to stressful situations can be investigated. The extent to which participants reported different uses of coping strategies and defense mechanisms was assessed in terms of performance. 26 elite kayakers were classified into one of two groups, depending on the discrepancy between their standard performance and their performance in competition. Correlations were found among the coping strategies of seeking social support, positive reappraisal/planful pr…

Changes in stress perception and coping during adolescence: the role of situational and personal factors.

2009

The present study investigated the interplay between developmental changes in stress and coping during early and late adolescence. Using a longitudinal design, stress perception and coping styles of 200 adolescents in 7 different stressful situations were investigated. Multilevel piecewise latent growth curve models showed that stress perception decreased during late adolescence, whereas active and internal coping increased continuously from ages 12 to 19. Adolescents’ high levels of perceived stress in a particular situation were associated with a high level of active coping but a low level of internal coping in that same situation. Withdrawal was associated with high levels of perceived s…

Clinical significance of test refusal among young children.

2001

The present study describes the incidence of test refusal at neuropsychological assessment, investigates its correlates, and its stability. The participants were 124 children aged 3.5 years whose development has been followed from birth in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD). The frequency of test refusal on the Finnish version of the NEPSY was analyzed with respect to the children's concurrent and earlier cognitive and language skills, assessed using tests and parental ratings. Refusal during test-taking was found to be relatively common at this age, and high frequency of refusal at an earlier age was associated with similar tendency at a later age. High test refusal was ass…

Symbolic function explored in children with epilepsy and headache.

2007

Introduzione. L’attacco alla capacità di pensare è uno dei possibili effetti che possiamo osservare quando il corpo si ammala. Lo scopo di questo studio è esplorare la funzione simbolica in bambini con epilessia e cefalea. Metodi. Sono stati reclutati 75 piccoli pazienti della Clinica Neuropsichiatrica infantile dell’Università di Palermo - 48 maschi (61%) e 27 femmine (39%). Tutti soffrivano di epilessia (53 - 71%) e cefalea primaria (22 - 29%). La loro età variava dai 7 agli 11 anni (media: 9.4±1.2). È stato reclutato anche un gruppo di controllo composto da soggetti che non avevano mai sofferto di malattie croniche o neurologiche. Tale gruppo era pareggiato con il gruppo di pazienti per …

Pursuit of the emerging dialogue between psychoanalysis and neuroscience: clinical and research perspectives.

2005

The body in adolescent diaries. The case of Karen Horney.

2003

The role of the body and its functions in the psychic life of the individual has occupied a central place in psychoanalytic thinking and writing. Developmentally, the body and the ego as a psychic organization have an integral, mutual relationship which becomes particularly important during adolescence, when the body matures physically while at the same time cognition, self-reflection, and social relations develop. This contribution presents results of the content analyses, focusing on the body, of 40 diaries written by twenty women during their adolescent years, compared with Karen Horney's adolescent diaries. In contrary to these diaries of the other young women, Karen Horney's adolescent…