Search results for "Defense"

Les couverts végétaux. Un atout majeur pour réduire les intrants de synthèse et augmenter les services écosystémiques au vignoble

2020

International audience; De manière générale, un couvert végétal se définit par une espèce ou une communauté d’espèces végétales recouvrant le sol de manière permanente ou temporaire. L’agriculteur a la possibilité de semer ces couverts, selon un choix raisonné, ou bien de laisser la végétation spontanée se développer. Il existe 3 types de couverts semés avec des objectifs différents pour l’exploitant : le couvert hivernal, installé pour faire face au phénomène d’érosion du sol important pendant cette période de repos végétatif ; les engrais verts, installés avec l’objectif d’amender naturellement la parcelle, en détruisant et en enfouissant les résidus du couvert qui libèrent ainsi de la ma…

Le monoxyde d'azote (NO) chez les plantes. Un messager cellulaire impliqué dans la signalisation des réponses de défense - l'exemple du modèle N. tab…

2012

Nitric oxide (NO) in plants, a cell signalling messenger involved in plant defense. The case study of the N. tabacum / cryptogein model

2013

Communication vers les professionnels SPE IPM CT non renseigné car non soutenu par INRA

Comment stimuler l’immunité de la vigne avec des éliciteurs

2013

Some Plant Defense Stimulators can induce IL-1β production in human immune cells in vitro

2020

8 pages; International audience; Among Plant Protection Products (PPP), a new emerging category of pesticides act by stimulating plant defense in order to improve plant resistance against microbial pathogens. Given that these compounds, the so-called Plant Defense Stimulators (PDS) act on innate immunity, we tested, using an in vitro approach on human mononuclear leucocytes (PBMC), the potential toxicity (XTT assay) and inflammatory effects (production of IL-1β) of 4 PPP belonging to different chemical families. We found that two products (LBG-01F34® and Regalis®) did not induce any cytotoxicity or IL-1 β production. The product BION-50 WG®, that contains Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and sili…

Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides

2011

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-arginine- and a nitrate reductase(NR)-pathways. OGs-induced NO production was Ca2+-dependent and modula…

Rôle de la Dynamique Membranaire dans la Mise en Place des Mécanismes de Défense chez le Tabac

2011

Cryptogein, a protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, induces defense mechanisms in tobacco. Several proteins involved in the associated signaling pathway were identified and localized on the plasma membrane (PM). A fraction resistant to solubilization by detergent named DIMs for Detergent Insoluble Membranes, enriched in sterols an sphigolipids had been isolated from tobacco PM. It was proved to contain proteins previously identified as actors of the signaling cascade triggered by cryptogein. In animal cells, the dynamic association of proteins to sterol and sphingolipid rich microdomains under the influence of a biological stimulus plays an essential role in the regulatio…

Defensive secretions of nymphs and adults of five species Pyrrhocoridae (Insecta : Heteroptera)

1993

International audience

NO signaling in tobacco elicited by the MAMP cryptogein

2015

SPEPôle IPM; International audience; During the past years, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a major cell signaling messenger in plants. Its importance has been highlighted during plant responses to pathogen attack or MAMPs (microbe associated molecular patterns) and during induced resistance or priming phenomenon. The major focus of our research is to understand how nitric oxide can modulate the activity of protein involved in plant defense. We identified several proteins undergoing S-nitrosylation, a redox-based post-translational modification of proteins, in tobacco cells elicited by cryptogein, a 10 kDa protein produced by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea and inducing immune re…

Impact of stresses associated to climate changes on natural and induced grapevine resistance to pathogens

2013

National audience; France is a worldwide leader in grape production and has to face global changes including climate evolution and transitions towards sustainable systems of production. One major problem in viticulture is indeed the high susceptibility of most of the grown cultivars to cryptogamic diseases, such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Maintaining a satisfactory health status of grapevine currently requires numerous fungicide treatments. However, in an objective of sustainable viticulture, there is increasing societal request, winegrower awareness, and political incitation to reduce this use of pesticides. For these reasons, alternative strategies of protection are currently …