Search results for "Deme"
showing 10 items of 883 documents
Alzheimer's Disease and Molecular Chaperones: Current Knowledge and the Future of Chaperonotherapy
2016
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dementia, a neurodegenerative condition, and a protein-misfolding disease or proteinopathy, characterized by protein deposits, extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which contain the AD’s typical pathological proteins, abnormal [1]-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively, and are located predominantly in the cortex of the frontal, parietal, and temporal brain lobes. What is the role of molecular chaperones in AD? Data indicate that molecular chaperones, also known as Hsp, are involved in AD, probably displaying protective roles and/or acting as pathogenic factors as it occurs in chaperonopathies in which case AD …
Vascular pathology: Cause or effect in Alzheimer disease?
2018
Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main cortical neurodegenerative disease. The incidence of this disease increases with age, causing significant medical, social and economic problems, especially in countries with ageing populations. Objective: This review aims to highlight existing evidence of how vascular dysfunction may contribute to cognitive impairment in AD, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that might arise from this evidence. Development: The vascular hypothesis emerged as an alternative to the amyloid cascade hypothesis as an explanation for the pathophysiology of AD. This hypothesis locates blood vessels as the origin for a variety of pathogenic pathways that lead …
Effect of EndoActivator and Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation of Qmix, as final endodontic irrigant, on sealer penetration: a confocal microscopic study
2016
BACKGROUND Through chemomechanical debridement of the root canal is a primary requisite for successful endodontic therapy. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using QmiX alone, QmiX with EndoActivator and QmiX with Er,Cr:YSGG laser for final irrigation on sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules. MATERIAL AND METHODS 75 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. The samples were divided into 5 groups according to the final irrigation solution used: (1) 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, (2) QmiX (3) QmiX with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and (4) QmiX with EndoActivator (5) 2.5%NaOCl. All teeth were obturated using cold lateral con…
Shifts in gut microbiota composition in an APP/PSS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease during lifespan.
2017
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and one of the major causes of disability and dependency in older people. Accumulating evidences link gut microbiota with different diseases and its relationship with neurodegenerative diseases is becoming most intriguing. This study was aimed to compare the gut microbiota of transgenic APP/PS1 (TG) mice, a well‐established deterministic mouse model of AD, with their C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) littermates. Faecal samples were collected from 3‐, 6‐ and 24‐month‐old mice and analysed by pyrosequencing of the V1–V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial profiles were similar in all young mice (3 months old), and started to div…
Specific approaches to patients affected by dementia and covid-19 in nursing homes: the role of the geriatrician
2021
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is relevant in older people. Attention was given to the nursing homes in which frailer people are usually admitted. In this review, we discuss the approaches for daily problems found in nursing home as geriatricians and potentially new research directions. We start with the problem of the older people affected by dementia and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia for which also the execution of a simple diagnostic test (such as nasopharyngeal swab) could be problematic. Another important problem is the management of wandering patients for which the re-organization of the spaces and vaccination could be the solutions. The relationship with fa…
How can dementia and disability be prevented in older adults: where are we today and where are we going?
2021
Abstract Ageing of the population, together with population growth, has brought along an ample increase in the number of older individuals living with dementia and disabilities. Dementia is the main cause of disability in old age, and promoting healthy brain ageing is considered as a key element in diminishing the burden of age‐related disabilities. The World Health Organization recently launched the first risk reduction guidelines for cognitive impairment and dementia. According to recent estimates, approximately 40% of dementia cases worldwide could be attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors: low education; midlife hypertension and obesity; diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol use, phy…
Neurodegeneration in tauopathies and synucleinopathies.
2016
International audience; While increasing life expectancy is a major achievement, the global aging of societies raises a number of medical issues, such as the development of age-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. The three main disease groups constituting the majority of neurodegenerative diseases are tauopathies, alpha-synucleinopathies and diseases due to repetitions of glutamine (including Huntington's disease). In each neurodegenerative disease, the accumulation of one or more aggregated proteins has been identified as the molecular signature of the disease (as seen, for example, in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lat…
A molecular hypothesis to explain direct and inverse co-morbidities between Alzheimer's Disease, Glioblastoma and Lung cancer.
2017
Epidemiological studies indicate that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease have a lower risk of developing lung cancer, and suggest a higher risk of developing glioblastoma. Here we explore the molecular scenarios that might underlie direct and inverse co-morbidities between these diseases. Transcriptomic meta-analyses reveal significant numbers of genes with inverse patterns of expression in Alzheimer’s disease and lung cancer, and with similar patterns of expression in Alzheimer’s disease and glioblastoma. These observations support the existence of molecular substrates that could at least partially account for these direct and inverse co-morbidity relationships. A functional analy…
The Older Finnish Twin Cohort : 45 Years of Follow-up
2019
AbstractThe older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) was established in 1974. The baseline survey was in 1975, with two follow-up health surveys in 1981 and 1990. The fourth wave of assessments was done in three parts, with a questionnaire study of twins born during 1945–1957 in 2011–2012, while older twins were interviewed and screened for dementia in two time periods, between 1999 and 2007 for twins born before 1938 and between 2013 and 2017 for twins born in 1938–1944. The content of these wave 4 assessments is described and some initial results are described. In addition, we have invited twin-pairs, based on response to the cohortwide surveys, to participate in detailed in-person studies; these …
Alzheimer's disease in the gut : major changes in the gut of 5xFAD model mice with ApoA1 as potential key player
2019
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects around 33 million people worldwide, which makes it the most prominent form of dementia. The main focus of AD research has been on the central nervous system (CNS) for long, but in recent years, the gut gained more attention. The intestinal tract is innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), built of numerous different types of neurons showing great similarity to neurons of the CNS. It already has been demonstrated that the amyloid precursor protein, which plays a major role in AD pathology, is also expressed in these cells. We analyzed gut tissue of AD model mice (5xFAD) and the respective wild-type littermates at different pathological stages: pre-path…