Search results for "Demography"
showing 10 items of 2125 documents
The effect of social geographic factors on the untreated tooth decay among head start children
2017
Background: Disparities among untreated dental caries exist for children from low-income families in the United States. Understanding of the mechanism of the disparities is required to reduce it and social geographic factors are one of the important influences. Although the effect of fluoridated water has been well reported, studies of other sociogeograpic factors, such as the density of available dentists, are still very limited. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of sociogeographic factors on the number of primary teeth with untreated dental caries among children from low-income families who are enrolled in Head Start programs throughout Northeast Ohio of the United Stat…
The difference between men and women
2017
HIV Infection in 403 Female Prostitutes in Italy
1991
Since the beginning of HIV epidemic, it became clear that the modality of transmission was different between Western Countries and Africa (1). Infact, in Africa heterosexual contact is the most important factor in the spread of HIV infection and female prostitutes are considered to be the major reservoir of HIVinfection (2).
Is work engagement related to healthy cardiac autonomic activity? Evidence from a field study among Finnish women workers
2012
The present study investigated whether work engagement is related to and can explain healthy cardiac autonomic activity as indicated by decreased heart rate (HR; i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic activity) and increased high-frequency power (HFP) of heart rate variability (i.e., parasympathetic activity). A total of 30 healthy Finnish female cleaning workers underwent an ambulatory monitoring period of two nights and two regular workdays, and mean values of work period HR and HFP were utilized as dependent variables. Correlations revealed that work engagement was, as hypothesized, negatively related to HR and positively to HFP. Furthermore, in hierarchical linear regression analysis, wo…
Do epigenetic clocks provide explanations for sex differences in lifespan? A cross-sectional twin study
2021
ABSTRACTBackgroundThe sex gap in life expectancy has been narrowing in Finland over the past four to five decades; however, on average, women still live longer than men. Epigenetic clocks are markers for biological aging that predict lifespan. In this study, we examined the mediating role of lifestyle factors on the association between sex and biological aging in younger and older adults.MethodsOur sample included same-sex younger and older twins (21-42-y, n = 1110; 50-76-y, n = 763) and younger opposite-sex twins (21-30-y, n = 302). Blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) was used to compute epigenetic age acceleration by four epigenetic clocks as a measure of biological aging. Path modelling w…
Firm Demography in the Accommodation Industry. Evidence from Italian Insular Regions
2020
The purpose of this study is to analyse the spatial pattern and the post-entry performance of tourism businesses in the Italian insular regions of Sardinia and Sicily. Using geo-referenced micro-data for the period 2011-2014, we explore the spatial distribution of ac-commodation firms in the two insular regions, and then compare the coastal and inland areas of the two regions. We observe a higher dispersion of firms in Sardinia than in Sicily; the latter, however having a higher concentration of firms in coastal and urban areas. We do not find significant differences in survival probability across the two insular regions but we do detect significant differences be-tween coastal and inland a…
Sesgos territoriales en la mortalidad hospitalaria estimada por la encuesta de morbilidad hospitalaria
2008
Fundamentos. La Encuesta de Morbilidad Hospitalaria (EMH) incorpora actualmente el 85% de los hospitales y el 90% de las altas, y es la única fuente de ámbito estatal que permite profundizar, con información sobre diagnóstico, edad o género, en el estudio del hospital como lugar de fallecimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la posible presencia de sesgos territoriales en la mortalidad hospitalaria recogida en la EMH respecto al universo muestral que supone la Estadística de Establecimientos Sanitarios con Régimen de Internado (EESCRI). Métodos. Se contrastó, para cada provincia y en 2004, las estimaciones de altas, fallecidos y porcentaje de mortalidad de la EMH con los datos de…
Body mass index categories and anxiety symptoms among adults aged =?50 years from low and middle income countries.
2021
Background: Body weight may be a risk factor for anxiety; however, there is a scarcity of studies on this association in older adults especially from low and middle income countries (LMICs). Therefore, we investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety symptoms among adults aged ≥ 50 years from 6 LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The BMI was based on measured weight and height and was categorized as: < 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight), 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 (obesity cla…
Violencia de género en mujeres inmigrantes y españolas: magnitud, respuestas ante el problema y políticas existentes
2009
Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de la violencia de género entre mujeres inmigrantes y españolas. Describir sus respuestas ante esta situación y posibles diferencias entre ellas. Identificar intervenciones ya existentes en España sobre prevención y atención sociosanitaria de violencia de género dirigidas a inmigrantes. Métodos: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta autoadministrada en 10.202 mujeres que acudieron a centros de atención primaria en España (2006-2007). Análisis de contenido del informe de seguimiento de la ley 1/2004 de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género remitido por las comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) (2005) y las leyes y planes autonómicos más recie…
The direct socioeconomic consequences of the First Carlist War
2018
En este artículo trato de analizar el impacto que la Primera Guerra Carlista tuvo sobre la población y la economía española. Para ello he divido las consecuencias en tres partes: pérdidas humanas, el exilio tras la guerra y los daños materiales. De esta forma he observado que la Primera Guerra Carlista, aunque no tuvo consecuencias graves sobre el conjunto de España, sí que las tuvo sobre las zonas que se vieron más afectadas por los combates. En ellas la guerra dejó un rastro de muertos, heridos, carlistas exiliados, mujeres violadas, viviendas destruidas, bosques talados y ganado exterminado, así como un aumento del endeudamiento municipal y estatal, que a su vez tuvo otras repercusiones.…