Search results for "Demography"
showing 10 items of 2125 documents
Diet and Gallstones in Women of a Rural Town of Sicily
1997
To test the possible association between dietary factors and gallstones, we performed a case-control study on the dietary habits of 71 women with gallstones in a rural area of Sicily (mean age 63.2 years) and compared these with 142 women who did not have gallstones (mean age 63.6 years) selected at random from the same general population. The dietary questionnaire, based on data collected over 7 days, was carefully compiled by two dieticians specially trained for the study. The daily calorie intake was higher in the women with gallstones ( p= 0.006) and was equally distributed between fats, carbohydrates and proteins. The intakes of unsaturated fats ( p= 0.03), unrefined sugars ( p= 0.01) …
Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain during early adulthood: A twin-study
2014
Objective To determine the relationship between persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain among young adults. Methods Population-based cohort study among 3383 Finnish twin individuals (1578 men) from five birth cohorts (1975-1979), who answered questionnaires at mean ages of 24.4 y (SD 0.9) and 33.9 y (SD 1.2), with reported self-measured waist circumference. Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits was defined based on thirds of activity metabolic equivalent h/day during follow-up (mean 9.5 y; SD 0.7). Results Decreased activity was linked to greater waist gain compared to increased activity (3.6 cm, P < 0.001 for men; 3.1 cm, P < 0…
The incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants and minority ethnic groups in Europe: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study
2022
AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, the incidence of psychotic disorder is high in certain migrant and minority ethnic groups (hence: ‘minorities’). However, it is unknown how the incidence pattern for these groups varies within this continent. Our objective was to compare, across sites in France, Italy, Spain, the UK and the Netherlands, the incidence rates for minorities and the incidence rate ratios (IRRs, minorities v. the local reference population).MethodsThe European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study was conducted between 2010 and 2015. We analyzed data on incident cases of non-organic psychosis (International Classification of …
Projecting the spread of COVID-19 for Germany
2020
We model the evolution of the number of individuals that are reported to be sick with COVID-19 in Germany. Our theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four states: healthy without infection, sick, healthy after recovery or after infection but without symptoms and dead. Our quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals up to the most recent observation and ends with a share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. We employ this framework to study inter alia the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. We also study the effects of public regulati…
Epidemiology and Classification of Strokes
1991
Epidemiology concerns the occurrence and distribution of diseases in the population. By prevalence is meant the number of cases of the disease at a particular moment in a given group of persons, for example, in the entire population of a certain territory or in a clearly demarcated population group. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of the disease occurring in a population in a particular period of time. Figures on prevalence and incidence are meaningful only if the given disease is unequivocally defined. If the definition is too specific, many cases are not included (false-negative cases), whereas too broad a definition leads to many false-positive identifications (Table 3.1). Di…
MAIN ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION IN A FAMILY SETTING IN PALERMO, ITALY1
1988
A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out on household contacts and sexual partners of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive intravenous drug abusers in Palermo, Italy, in 1985 to evaluate factors that influenced HIV transmission. A total of 43 index cases, 36 spouses or heterosexual partners, 28 children, and 55 adult household members were enrolled. None of the household members without sexual contact, who had shared items and facilities and had interacted with the index cases, contracted HIV infection. However, six of 36 sexual partners had antibodies to HIV. It was observed that the risk of HIV infection was significantly associated with the frequency of s…
Prevalence of essential tremor: A door-to-door survey in Terrasini, Sicily
1994
As part of a door-to-door neuroepidemiologic survey, we investigated the frequency and distribution of essential tremor (ET) in a Sicilian municipality. During phase 1, we administered a screening instrument for tremor to 7,653 persons residing in Terrasini (Palermo province). During phase 2, neurologists evaluated those subjects who had screened positive. The diagnoses, based on specified clinical criteria, were reviewed to increase reliability across neurologists. We found 31 subjects affected by ET (17 men, 14 women); 11 patients (35.5%) reported a familial aggregation. The prevalence of ET as of November 1, 1987, was 405.1 per 100,000 for the total population, and 1,074.9 per 100,000 fo…
Epidemiology and social costs of hip fracture.
2018
Hip fracture is an important and debilitating condition in older people, particularly in women. The epidemiological data varies between countries, but it is globally estimated that hip fractures will affect around 18% of women and 6% of men. Although the age-standardised incidence is gradually falling in many countries, this is far outweighed by the ageing of the population. Thus, the global number of hip fractures is expected to increase from 1.26 million in 1990 to 4.5 million by the year 2050. The direct costs associated with this condition are enormous since it requires a long period of hospitalisation and subsequent rehabilitation. Furthermore, hip fracture is associated with the devel…
Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 in Madrid, Spain: a Phylogeographic Analysis ▿
2011
ABSTRACT The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is constantly changing, mainly as a result of human migratory flows and the high adaptive ability of the virus. In recent years, Spain has become one of Europe's main destinations for immigrants and one of the western European countries with the highest rates of HIV-positive patients. Using a phylogeographic approach, we have analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 variants detected in immigrant and native populations of the urban area of Madrid. Our project was based on two coincidental facts. First, resistance tests were extended to naïve and newly diagnosed patients, and second, the Spanish government legislated the provision of legal status t…
Alcohol use disorders in Europe: A comparison of general population and primary health care prevalence rates
2016
Aims Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent in Europe but occurrence in primary care and the proportion of treated cases are understudied. This study reports prevalence of AUDs and their treatment in European primary health care settings and compares them with general population estimates. Procedure We sampled 358 general practitioners (GPs, refusal rate: 56.4%) across six European countries (Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, and Spain), who assessed 13,003 patients including providing AUD diagnoses. A subsample of 8,476 patients (refusal rate: 17.8%) was interviewed subsequently, assessing DSM-IV AUD diagnoses via the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Final AUD diagn…