Search results for "Depressant"
showing 10 items of 204 documents
Inhibition of antidepressant demethylation and hydroxylation by fluvoxamine in depressed patients.
1993
Bidirectional drug interactions between fluvoxamine and classical antidepressants were studied in depressed patients. A column switching technique combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enabled automated analyses of plasma for simultaneous determination of fluvoxamine, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants and demethylated and major hydroxylated metabolites in a single HPLC run. The measurements revealed that fluvoxamine inhibited N-demethylation of imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline and maprotiline whereas interferences with hydroxylation reactions were restricted to aromatic 8-hydroxylation of clomipramine. In patients under fluvoxamine monotherapy before com…
Subchronic Antidepressant Treatment with Venlafaxine or Imipramine and Effects on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Assessment by Automatic 24-Hour Moni…
1996
Venlafaxine is a new nontricyclic antidepressant inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, noradrenaline, and, to a lesser extent, dopamine without antagonizing cholinergic, histaminergic, or noradrenergic receptors. Significantly, in a first placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study, high doses of venlafaxine increased blood pressure in some study subjects. In order to investigate further the effect of subchronic antidepressant drug treatment on blood pressure and heart rate, the effects of a conventional tricyclic (imipramine) and a structurally different phenethylamine antidepressant (venlafaxine) were compared. Sixteen inpatients with major depression (melancholic type) were treated for …
Influence of St John's wort on catecholamine turnover and cardiovascular regulation in humans
2004
BACKGROUND: St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a popular over-the-counter antidepressant. Its antidepressive effect has been attributed in part to inhibition of monoamine transporters and monoamine oxidase, on the basis of in vitro studies. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 16 healthy subjects (11 men and 5 women; mean age, 31 +/- 5 years) ingested either St John's wort (300 mg three times daily) or placebo for 7 days. Imipramine treatment (50 mg three times daily) in 7 subjects served as a positive control. After treatment, physiologic and biochemical tests included cardiovascular reflex testing, graded head-up tilt testing, and plasma catec…
TheMAOA T941G polymorphism and short-term treatment response to mirtazapine and paroxetine in major depression
2006
This study investigated the possible association of the MAOA T941G gene variant with differential antidepressant response to mirtazapine and/or paroxetine in 102 patients with major depression (DSM-IV criteria) participating in a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Female mirtazapine-treated patients homozygous for the T-allele had a significantly faster and better treatment response than TG/GG-patients. In males, we failed to show an association between MAOA T941G gene variant and mirtazapine response. In the paroxetine-treated group, there were no significant differences in treatment response between MAOA T941G genotype groups. Time course of response and antidepressant eff…
Effects of age on depressive symptomatology and response to antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder aged 18 to 65 years
2020
Background: There is evidence that symptomatology in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) changes with age. However, studies comparing depressive symptomatology between different age groups during antidepressant therapy are rare. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics in depressed patients of different age groups at baseline and during treatment. Methods: 889 MDD inpatients were divided into four age groups (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–65 yrs.). Demographic and clinical characteristics including depressive symptomatology (assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms) were assessed at baseline and weekly during treatment. Results: At baseline, young patients (18–29 yea…
Escitalopram causes fewer seizures in human overdose than citalopram
2010
Seizures are a recognized complication of acute overdose with the racemic (1:1 ratio of R- and S-enantiomers) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant citalopram.We tested the hypothesis that escitalopram (the therapeutically active S-enantiomer of citalopram) causes fewer seizures in overdose than citalopram at comparable doses of the S-enantiomer.Multicenter retrospective review of cases with citalopram and escitalopram overdose reported to German, Austrian, and Swiss Poisons Centers between 1997 and 2006.316 citalopram and 63 escitalopram cases were analyzed. Somnolence, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, QT prolongation, and tremor occurred with similar frequency in both groups…
Persistent leisure-time physical activity in adulthood and use of antidepressants : A follow-up study among twins
2016
BACKGROUND: To study whether persistent leisure-time physical activity (PA) during adulthood predicts use of antidepressants later in life. METHODS: The Finnish Twin Cohort comprises same-sex twin pairs born before 1958, of whom 11 325 individuals answered PA questions in 1975, 1981 and 1990 at a mean age of 44 years (range 33-60). PA volume over 15-years was used as the predictor of subsequent use of antidepressants. Antidepressant use (measured as number of purchases) for 1995-2004 were collected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution (KELA) prescription register. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the …
The catechol-O-methyltransferase Val108/158Met polymorphism affects short-term treatment response to mirtazapine, but not to paroxetine in major depr…
2004
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a major degrading enzyme in the metabolic pathways of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine. This study investigated whether the functionally relevant Val(108/158)Met gene variant is associated with differential antidepressant response to mirtazapine and/or paroxetine in 102 patients with major depression (DSM-IV criteria) participating in a randomized clinical trial with both drugs. In patients treated with mirtazapine, but not paroxetine, allelic variations in the COMT gene were associated with differential response. COMT(VAL/VAL) and COMT(VAL/MET) genotype carriers showed a better response than COMT(MET/MET)-bea…
Conventional and spectral power analysis of all-night sleep EEG after subchronic treatment with paroxetine in healthy male volunteers.
1998
Paroxetine is a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor with reported antidepressant properties. Since changes in the regular sleeping pattern were described as side effects under treatment with paroxetine, the impact of the drug on the sleep architecture is of major interest. The present study addressed the question of subchronic effects of paroxetine medication (30 mg/day) in eight healthy male volunteers in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover-design. Conventional sleep EEG parameters and additionally computed spectral power analysis based on FFT of 20-s time epochs in the delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency range for different sleep stages after 4 weeks of tr…
A double-blind study comparing paroxetine and maprotiline in depressed outpatients.
1997
A double-blind multicenter randomized parallel group study comparing paroxetine and maprotiline was carried out in a total of 544 outpatients. Included were patients with varying degrees of severity of depressive symptoms who fulfilled modified RDC criteria for either Minor or Major Depression and showed a HAMD-17 score of > or = 13. No concomitant benzodiazepine treatment was allowed. Duration of treatment was 6 weeks, after an initial wash-out period. Doses were fixed during the first 3 weeks of treatment, patients receiving either 20 mg paroxetine or 100 mg maprotiline daily. An option for dose escalation was provided for insufficient responders after 3 weeks. The weekly assessments comp…