Search results for "Depsipeptides"
showing 10 items of 80 documents
Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in organic and conventional pasta collected in Spain
2012
Abstract One of the main sources of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in human nutrition is the cereals and cereal products. In this study, an analytical method to determine enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENs), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS) based on Ultra-Turrax extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector (MS/MS QqQ), was applied for the analysis of pasta. For this purpose, 114 commercial samples of pasta were acquired from supermarkets located in Valencia. The results showed higher frequencies of contamination in organic pasta than in conventional pasta, while the concentration levels were variable for both types of pasta. In pos…
Biosynthesis of beauvericin and enniatins in vitro by wheat Fusarium species and natural grain contamination in an area of central Italy
2015
Contamination of wheat grain by beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) is a global emerging mycotoxicological food problem. In this study, strains of Fusarium avenaceum (FA), Fusarium poae (FP), Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium sporotrichioides, all potential BEA and EN producers, isolated from 162 grain samples of durum and soft wheat harvested in 2009 and 2010 collected in an area of central Italy, were preliminarily screened for the presence of the esyn1 gene, encoding the multifunctional enzyme enniatin-synthetase for the detection of potential hexadepsipeptide-producing isolates. All positive isolates were tested for their ability to biosynthesize BEA and ENs in vitro. In addition, all wh…
Individual and Combined Effect of Zearalenone Derivates and Beauvericin Mycotoxins on SH-SY5Y Cells
2020
Beauvericin (BEA) and zearalenone derivatives, &alpha
Production of enniatins A, A1, B, B1, B4, J1 by Fusarium tricinctum in solid corn culture: structural analysis and effects on mitochondrial respirati…
2013
Enniatins (ENs) are secondary fungal metabolites with hexadepsipeptidic chemical structure and they possess a number of potent biological activities that can contaminate several kind of food and foodstuffs increasing the exposure risk for consumers. ENs are produced by several Fusariun strains including Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium tricinctum. Production of a mixture of ENs was performed by culturing F. tricinctum ITEM 9496 on white corn as substrate. The solid culture components were dried and subsequently extracted with water/methanol (50/50 v/v, 0.5% NaCl), homogenised, filtered, extracted by ethyl acetate and analysed by liquid chromatography with diode arra…
Isolation and purification of enniatins A, A1, B, B1, produced by Fusarium tricinctum in solid culture, and cytotoxicity effects on Caco-2 cells
2010
Enniatins (ENs) are antibiotic compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. The ENs A, A(1), B, B-1 were purified from extracts of Fusarium tricinctum grown on a solid medium of corn, by a low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) on reverse phase of Amberlite XAD-7 followed by semipreparative LC. The purity and the structure of the isolated compounds were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The technique of the purification of the fungal extract enabled complete separation of the ENs A, A(1), B, B-1 with a mean purity of 97% for all the compounds. The cytoxicity of the ENs was tested in the cell lines of human origin (epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, …
Further data on the presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins enniatins, fusaproliferin and beauvericin in cereals available on the Spanish markets.
2010
In this work, 64 samples of cereals purchased from local markets in the Valencian community (Spain) were investigated for the presence of six emerging mycotoxins: enniatins ENs (ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). Samples were extracted with a mixture of water/acetonitrile (85/15, v/v) by using an Ultra-turrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were then identified and quantified with a liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detector (DAD). Positive samples were confirmed with an LC-MS/MS. Analytical Results showed that the frequencies of contamination of samples with ENs, BEA and FUS were 73.4%, 32.8% and 7.8%, respectively. ENA1 was the most mycotoxin found and…
Ciclohexadespipeptide beauvericin degradation by different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2013
Abstract The interaction between the mycotoxin beauvericin (BEA) and 9 yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae named LO9, YE-2, YE5, YE-6, YE-4, A34, A17, A42 and A08 was studied. The biological degradations were carried out under aerobic conditions in the liquid medium of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) at 25 °C for 48 h and in a food/feed system composed of corn flour at 37 °C for 3 days, respectively. BEA present in fermented medium and corn flour was determined using liquid chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry detector in tandem (LC–MS/MS) and the BEA degradation products produced during the fermentations were determined using the technique of the liquid chromatography coupled …
Antibacterial activity of the enniatin B, produced by Fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells.
2011
The enniatins (ENs) are bioactive compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium sp. The EN B was purified from extracts of Fusarium tricinctum growth on liquid culture of potato dextrose broth (PDB), using a semipreparative liquid chromatography (LC) followed by an analytical LC. The purity and the structure of the isolated compound were confirmed by the determination of the extinction coefficient and with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) study. The pure fraction of EN B was utilized to determine the antibiotic effects on several bacterial strains that are considered normally pathogens of the intestinal tract: Escherichia coli, Enterococc…
Enniatin A1, enniatin B1 and beauvericin on HepG2: Evaluation of toxic effects
2015
Hepatotoxicity of three Fusarium mycotoxins, beauvericin (BEA) and two enniatins (ENNs) ENN A1 and ENN B1, in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) were evaluated and compared. Concentrations used were 1.5 and 3 μM at 24, 48 and 72 h for each mycotoxin. Flow cytometry was used to examine enniatins effects on cell proliferation, to characterize the cell cycle phase where the cells blocked and to study the mitochondria role in ENNs-induced apoptosis. ENN B1 treated cells showed a time dependent G1 blockade at both concentrations used. ENN A1 and BEA decreased the apoptotic-necrotic percentage of cells comparing to control and disrupted the MMP as observed by TMRM and ToPro-3 fluorochromes signal. It …
Cytotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mammalian kidney cells
2011
The cytotoxicity of three Fusarium mycotoxins (beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin) has been investigated using the NR assay, after 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. The IC(50) values ranged from 6.77 to 11.08, 3.30 to 10.00 and 0.004 to 0.005 for beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, respectively. Once the potential interaction has been detected, a quantitative assessment is necessary to ensure and characterize these interactions, that is, each mycotoxin contributes to the toxic effect in accord with its own potency. Combination of mycotoxins was determined in Vero cells after 24, 48 and 72h of exposure. Isobolograms and median effect method of Chou and Talalay were used to assess t…