Search results for "Derivative"

Computational study of dimethyl- and trimethyl-tin(IV) complexes of porphyrin derivatives

2001

The molecular geometry, energetics and electronic charge distribution of diorgano- and triorgano-tin(IV) complexes of [protoporphyrin-IX] and [meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine] derivatives were determined at semi-empirical and ab initio levels. To study the molecular details of the complexes, simpler molecule models were calculated by the ab initio pseudo-potential method. The molecular properties of these complexes are essentially independent of the presence of the peripheral tin atoms. Agreement was always found among the results of the different computational approaches, as well as between the theoretical and the experimental findings on the molecular geometry of the hypothesized comp…

Antioxidant Bibenzyl Derivatives from Notholaena nivea Desv.

2011

Four new bibenzyl derivatives were isolated, together with other known bibenzyls, by bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3-MeOH extract of Notholaena nivea Desv. (Pteridaceae) aerial parts. The structures were elucidated by NMR, ESIMS and other spectral analyses. Their antioxidative effects towards superoxide, lipidic peroxidation and the 2,2'- azino-bis-3- ethilbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical were assayed. Results showed that the compound 3,12-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl (6) is the most active compound in the ABTS free-radical scavenging test, while in the coupled oxidation of ȕ-carotene and linoleic acid assay the compound 5,12-dihydroxy-3-methoxydibenzyl-6- carboxylic a…

A dose-ranging study of indacaterol in obstructive airways disease, with a tiotropium comparison.

2008

This dose-ranging study assessed the bronchodilator efficacy and tolerability of indacaterol, a novel once-daily inhaled beta2-agonist, in subjects clinically diagnosed with COPD. Comparative data with tiotropium were collected. In the double-blind, core period of the study, 635 subjects with COPD (prebronchodilator FEV(1)40% of predicted and > or =1.0L; FEV1/FVC <70%) were randomized to receive indacaterol 50, 100, 200 or 400microg or placebo via multi-dose dry powder inhaler, or indacaterol 400microg via single-dose dry powder inhaler, once daily for 7 days. After completing double-blind treatment and washout, a subset of subjects from each treatment group entered an open-label extension …

Efficacy and safety of indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD patients according to dyspnoea severity.

2013

Background Guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recommend that treatment choices be based partly on symptoms. Methods A post-hoc analysis of pooled data from clinical studies compared the efficacy and safety of once-daily inhaled bronchodilators indacaterol (150 and 300 μg) and open-label tiotropium (18 μg) according to baseline dyspnoea severity on the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale in patients with COPD (mMRC scores <2 = ‘less dyspnoea’; scores ≥2 = ‘more dyspnoea’). Outcomes were assessed after 26 weeks. Results The analysis included 3177 patients. In patients with less dyspnoea: indacaterol (both doses) improved 24-h post-dose (‘trough’) forced exp…

Blinded 12-week comparison of once-daily indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD.

2011

Two, once daily (q.d.) inhaled bronchodilators are available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the β(2)-agonist indacaterol and the anticholinergic tiotropium. This blinded study compared the efficacy of these two agents and assessed their safety and tolerability. Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomised to treatment with indacaterol 150 μg q.d. (n=797) or tiotropium 18 μg q.d. (n=801) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the two treatments had similar overall effects on "trough" (24 h post-dose) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Indacaterol-treated patients had greater improvements in transition dyspnoea index (TDI) total score (least squares means 2.0…

Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium

2009

Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…

Boundary correspondence of Nevanlinna counting functions for self-maps of the unit disc

2003

Let ϕ \phi be a holomorphic self-map of the unit disc D \mathbb {D} . For every α ∈ ∂ D \alpha \in \partial \mathbb {D} , there is a measure τ α \tau _\alpha on ∂ D \partial \mathbb {D} (sometimes called Aleksandrov measure) defined by the Poisson representation Re ⁡ ( α + ϕ ( z ) ) / ( α − ϕ ( z ) ) = ∫ P ( z , ζ ) d τ α ( ζ ) \operatorname {Re}(\alpha +\phi (z))/(\alpha -\phi (z)) = \int P(z,\zeta ) \,d\tau _\alpha (\zeta ) . Its singular part σ α \sigma _\alpha measures in a natural way the “affinity” of ϕ \phi for the boundary value α \alpha . The affinity for values w w inside D \mathbb {D} is provided by the Nevanlinna counting function N ( w ) N(w) of ϕ \phi . We introduce a natural …

An implicit non-linear time dependent equation has a solution

1991

has a solution (u, u, w). The operators &s(l) and a(t) are maximal monotone from a real Hilbert space V to its dual such that &(r) + 9?(r) are V-coercive and a(r) are not degenerate. A linear compact injection i embeds V to a real Banach space W and each d(r) is the strongly monotone subdifferential of a continuous convex function #(I, ) on W. The function f is square integrable. The functions W(r): V+ W* are Lipschitzian as V*-valued functions. Section 3 contains the theorems. The main result is Theorem 2. Theorems 3 and 4 demonstrate the smoothing effect on the initial condition. Their proofs are given in Section 4. They exploit the methods of di Benedetto and Showalter, [4], who studied …

Coderivatives of multivalued mappings, locally compact cones and metric regularity

1999

On the Minimal Solution of the Problem of Primitives

2000

Abstract We characterize the primitives of the minimal extension of the Lebesgue integral which also integrates the derivatives of differentiable functions (called the C -integral). Then we prove that each BV function is a multiplier for the C -integral and that the product of a derivative and a BV function is a derivative modulo a Lebesgue integrable function having arbitrarily small L 1 -norm.