Search results for "Desalination"
showing 10 items of 131 documents
Sea water desalination and energy consumption: A case study of wave energy converters (WEC) to desalination applications in sicily
2016
Recent studies about interactions among energy and water are considered as a new field of research. As almost all energy generation processes require significant amounts of water, and water requires energy for treatment and transport, so these two resources are inextricably linked. The main aim of this work is a presentation of the use of renewable energy for desalination plants in Sicily: in particular exploitation of wave energy into electrical energy necessary for water treatment. Desalination is the most energy intensive water treatment technology but it could be solution for many problems in water supply for areas with chronic debt of water. The aim of this work is a description of a s…
Consensus-Based Distributed State Estimation of Biofilm in Reverse Osmosis Membranes by WSNs
2017
The appearance of biofilm has become a serious problem in many reverse osmosis based systems such as the ones found in water treatment and desalination plants. In these systems, the use of traditional techniques such as pretreatment or dozing biocides are not effective when the biofilm reaches an irreversible attachment phase. In this work, we present a framework for the use of a WSN as an estimator of the biofilm evolution in a reverse osmosis membrane so that effective solutions can be applied before the irreversible phase is attained. This design is addressed in a complete distributed and decentralized fashion, and subject to realistic constraints where cooperation between nodes is perfo…
Some intriguing items in the history of adsorption
1994
Abstract Clay was already used in antiquity as a drying and bleaching agent, a carrier for paints, and for various medical purposes. Sand was applied for water desalination. Charcoal was recommended as an antidote Based on Lowitz' discovery of the decolorizing effect in 1785, charcoal was used for the purification first of sugar. The patents of Ostrejko in 1900 opened the way for its industrial application. Already in the Bible we find the description of an adsorption experiment. The systematic research began 1773 when Scheele observed the adsorption of air by charcoal using a volumetric apparatus. The first adsorption measuring instruments were hygrometers as described by Nicholas of Cues …
Desalination effluents and the establishment of the non-indigenous skeleton shrimp Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 in the south -eastern Mediterrane…
2019
A decade long monitoring programme has revealed a flourishing population of the non-indigenous skeleton shrimp Paracaprella pusilla in the vicinity of outfalls of desalination plants off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The first specimens were collected in 2010, thus predating all previously published records of this species in the Mediterranean Sea. A decade-long disturbance regime related to the construction and operation of the plants may have had a critical role in driving the population growth. University of Palermo FFR 2018
Amphipod assemblage under the influence of desalination plants in the south-eastern Mediterranean
2019
A check-list of amphipod assemblage, collected in the vicinity of two Israeli desalination plant marine outfalls, is provided with some notes about the species. The dataset highlights changes in species composition throughout the years, possibly due to local anthropogenic impacts.
Different methods for soluble salt removal tested on late-Roman cooking ware from a submarine excavation at the island of Pantelleria (Sicily, Italy)
2014
Abstract This paper deals with the comparative evaluation of different procedures of salt extraction designed for archaeological ceramics from submarine burial environments. The experimental work was carried out on a particular type of late-Roman cooking ware finds (Pantellerian ware) found in a shipwreck near the shoreline of the Island of Pantelleria (Sicily). The studied ceramic test-pieces were first recognised in terms of bulk characteristics (mineralogy, petrography and chemistry). SEM-EDS observation allowed verification of the presence of various secondary minerals at the surface and in the pore spaces formed after the prolonged permanence in seawater under oxidising or reducing con…
The Economic Impact of Restricted Water Supply: a Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
2007
Water problems are typically studied at the level of the river catchment. About 70% of all water is used for agriculture, and agricultural products are traded internationally. A full understanding of water use is impossible without understanding the international market for food and related products, such as textiles. The water embedded in commodities is called virtual water. Based on a general equilibrium model, we offer a method for investigating the role of water resources and water scarcity in the context of international trade. We run five alternative scenarios, analyzing the effects of water scarcity due to reduced availability of groundwater. This can be a consequence of physical con…
Perspectives of operation of the Tajo-Segura Transfer (Spain): new rules of operation and the impulse of the desalination as replacement resource
2018
El Trasvase Tajo-Segura se ha convertido desde su inauguración en 1979 en una de las infraestructuras hidráulicas que más tensiones interterritoriales ha originado en España. A ello se une su valor estratégico para el desarrollo de las provincias del sureste peninsular, donde atiende consumos agrícolas y urbano-turísticos con grandes implicaciones sociales y económicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las causas y las consecuencias del funcionamiento del Trasvase Tajo-Segura con la reciente modificación de sus normas de explotación (límite de no trasvase cuando en los embalses de cabecera almacenen menos de 400 hm3) y el impulso de la desalinización en la cuenca receptora como susti…
Estimating willingness to pay for desalinated seawater: the case of Djerba Island, Tunisia
2017
AbstractWater scarcity can be a growth-limiting factor. Non-conventional water resources, such as desalinated water, represent an alternative means of guaranteeing access to water while reducing water stress. In this study, a contingent valuation survey carried out in Djerba Island, Tunisia, allows the joint modelling of two decisions: societal support for the construction of a desalination plant and households’ willingness to pay for desalinated water. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study to date has addressed this relationship. We find that although a clear majority of households are in favour of using desalinated water, far fewer are willing to pay for it. The article conclude…
Eulerian-Eulerian modelling and computational fluid dynamics simulation of wire mesh demisters in MSF plants
2014
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on simulation of wire mesh demisters in multistage flash desalination (MSF) plants. The simulation is made by the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Design/methodology/approach – A steady state and two-dimensional (2D) model was developed to simulate the demister. The model employs an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to simulate the flow of water vapor and brine droplets in the demister. The computational domain included three zones, which are the vapor space above and below the demister and the demister. The demister zone was modeled as a tube bank arrange or as a porous media. Findings – Sensitivity analysis of the model showed t…